Open Skies Treaty The United States announced its intention to withdraw from the Treaty on Open Skies on May 22, 2020; this withdrawal took effect on November 22, 2020. Russia has also announced its plans to withdraw, noting that it would…
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is not a court, but rather an organizer of arbitral tribunals to resolve conflicts between member states, international organizations, or private parties. Established in 1899 to facilitate arbitration and other…
Currency Manipulation The United States has once again included India in its monitoring list of countries with potentially “questionable foreign exchange policies” and “currency manipulation”. This comes a year after India was removed from the watchlist in the US Treasury…
The United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) The Alliance maintains a global network of partners including states, international and regional organizations, civil society groups, foundations, and the private sector to improve cross-cultural relations between diverse nations and communities. The United…
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action ( JCPOA ) JCPOA is an agreement signed by Iran and the P5+1+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States and EU) on July 14, 2015. Significance: This nuclear deal or JCPOA…
India Vietnam Relations India Vietnam relations have been exceptionally friendly and cordial since their foundations were laid by founding fathers of the two countries – President Ho Chi Minh and President Rajendra Prasad and Prime Minister Nehru. The traditionally close…
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a eight-member multilateral organization, established on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been…
India-Gulf Cooperation Council The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as a collective entity has tremendous significance for India. The Gulf constitutes the “immediate” neighbourhood of India separated only by the Arabian Sea. India, therefore, has a vital stake in the stability…
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) APEC is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum.Primary goal is to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. It is regional economic forum of 21 Pacific Rim member economies that promotes free trade throughout the…