UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 4 – Free Test 12
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 4 – Free Test 12 UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 4 – Free Test 12 Check All Mains Questions 1. “Keeping silence in the face of injustice is tantamount to abetting it.” Analyze (10 Marks) 2. How emotional intelligence is important for civil servants in various circumstances? Give examples. (10 Marks) 3. Explain probity in governance. How can we inculcate in civil servants? (10 Marks) 4. What are the various factors that influence ones attitude? Elaborate with examples. (10 Marks) 5. “Focus on justice rather than law, for the purpose of law is to be just.” Analyze (10 Marks) 6. Analyze the various ethical issues that surround whistleblowing among civil servants. (10 Marks) 7. Explain the purpose of ethics and morality in preserving social harmony and peace. 8. Discuss the ethical issues involved in nations dealing with refugee crisis.? How can we ensure that the basic human rights principles are not violated in such situations. (15 Marks) 9. You are the director of a department that has recently been engulfed in the #MeToo campaign when two of the deputy directors working under you have been publicly named as sexual predators by two women in the department. As directed by the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, you must initiate a committee of inquiry and submit the report within 90 days. Before initiating the committee you are faced with two narratives, first, that this is not the first time both women have come forward with similar accusations; second, that you have known both the deputy directors and their families for quite sometime now, and you have noticed nothing in their behaviour that says they could have been the sexual predators as alleged. Now, while the women you to begin the inquiry process at the earliest, but the deputy directors deny all charges and say that they want to pursue defamation cases against their main accusers. Simultaneously, public pressure is against you with the media discussing the case on a regular basis. (a) As a director of the department what will be your course of action for starting an official investigation? State the merits and demerits of whatever course of action you decide to follow. (b) Do you also agree that the sexual nature of a crime makes the crime ethically different and difficult (to handle) from other crimes? Give valid reasons to support your views. (20 Marks) 10. You have recently become part of the selection committee of three people, which oversees the final selection of the players for a team at the state level. The sponsorship of the tournament as well as of your team is largely dependent on a business house as the game played by your team has not been a very popular one and doles from the government and support from very few reluctant private business groups has kept the things going. Now, in the meeting of the selection committee, you realize that many of the players who have performed well in the local circuits are missing from the list of players selected for the nationals. Also, few players in the tentative playing list seem to be there only on account of the backing of some senior executives of that business house which is the main sponsor of the team as well as of the tournament to be held. You are told by your colleagues that this is the accepted practice and any resistance to it will risk the very possibility of participation of the team in the tournament as the business house can delay necessary funds or even withdraw its sponsorship. This will ruin the chances of the team members – most of whom are there on the basis of their merit, to stake claim for selection in the national team. There is not enough time to manage funds from alternative sources or look for new sponsors. (a) What would you do under these circumstances: You will allow the status-quo keeping in mind the larger interests of your team and practicality of the situation. You will take a vocal stand against the malpractice in spite of the risk of jeopardizing the participation of your team in the present tournament. Any other course of action. (b) Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the options available before you and rationalise your course of action in such a scenario (20 Marks) 11. It has been reported in media that in a remote village in Madhya Pradesh people belonging to a particular community still practices manual scavenging. After being inquired they told the media persons that they have been practicing it for ages and it has been their traditional occupation. Some others argue that since they don’t have any other source of regular livelihood, therefore they don’t have any alternative. They are not completely aware of the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013. As manual scavenging has been legally abolished but majority of them are still willing to do menial work as manual scavenger due to their attitude. Suppose you are the Social Welfare Development Officer of the district then discuss your strategies to tackle the issues of manual scavenging and livelihood of the people. What steps you would take to bring attitudinal changes in the community and rehabilitate them properly? (15 Marks) 12. A girl studying in government school has topped 12th exam from her district. She belongs to low income family which sustains on daily wages. In the felicitation program organized by the school, the state education minister announces that the government will bear all the education expenses of girl’s higher education. The promises by the minister are also publicized in the local media.The assurance by minister motivated the parents to take education loan for her admission in a medical college in one such major city of the state. Meanwhile, the government in the state has changed after elections. When parents approached the new minister, they were denied any form
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 3 -Test 13
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 3 -Test 13 Check All Mains Questions 1. Critically analyse the role played by pressure group in Indian democracy. Do you think formal recognition of pressure groups can increase their efficacy? (10 Marks) Answer: Pressure groups are those interest groups joined together by a common interest or objective and who adopts different pressure tactics such as extra constitutional methods to pursue their goals. Eg: FICCI, INTUC etc. Role played by pressure groups in Indian democracy: ● Influence the legislative, executive and financial policy of the government. Eg: Bank Unions fight for their rights where as Kisan Sabhas safeguard interests of farmers.● Able to raise public awareness of matters affecting their interests or cause. Eg: All Out- a pressure group working for the rights of LGBT community.● Tries to cleanse the political parties from corruption , enhance the intra party democracy by constantly publishing reports and statistics related to them. Eg: Association for Democratic Reforms which work to reduce criminalisation of politics in India. ● Remind Parliament about the importance of issues that public believe to be important. Eg: Environmental pressure groups like Narmada Bachao Andolan.● Improve the transparency in governance and enhances the flow of information from the government to the people through the activities of pressure groups. Eg: Mazdoor Kisan Shakthi Sangathan and the enactment of RTI. Yet, there are certain issues associated with them that hinder their role in upholding the ideals of Indian democracy:● Non-formal pressure groups are formed only to spread the ideologies of their parent political party.● Single issue groups are emerging rapidly in India which cause chaos and a lack of law and public order in the society.● Groups formed on the basis of caste destroy the independent fight of people to remove the caste system from politics.● Passionate members in the pressure groups often resort to illicit behaviours like criminal activities, violence etc. affecting the peace and security.● Pressure groups are ideally required to exert influence on political process, yet they become tools to subserve political interests in India. The pressure groups play important role in political development. They fight for the democracy. It is necessary to give them a formal recognition to increase its efficacy because such a recognition gives it legitimacy to involve in the affairs of people and become the voice of people. 2. What is citizen charter?Analyse their success in ensuring transparency and accountability of government institutions. (10 Marks) Answer: Citizen’s Charter is a document which represents a systematic effort to focus on the commitment of the Organisation towards its Citizens in respects of Standard of Services, Information, Choice and Consultation, Grievance Redress and Value for Money. It was institutionalised in the year 1997 during the Chief Minister’s Conference. It is a vital tool to ensure transparency and accountability in administration: ● Citizen’s Charter aims to empower the citizen in relation to public service delivery with a clear understanding of service delivery standards, including timetables, user fees for services, and options for grievance redress. ● It provides a shift from rules based administration into citizen centric administration as envisaged by the Administrative Reforms Commission.● It gives the list of Vision and Mission Statement of the Organisation as well. Therefore, the services which are provided will be enlisted in the Charter making the bureaucrats accountable for their actions. ● It takes the expectations of the clients or citizens as well. Therefore, the Charter will have met the demands of citizens which ensure speedier delivery of service. However, it faces certain challenges while ensuring transparency and accountability such as:● Citizen Charter does not have statutory status, and thus any non compliance with the charter does not guarantee immediate actions.● In majority of cases Charters were not formulated through a consultative process.● By and large service providers are not familiar with the philosophy, goals and main features of the Charter.● Languages in the Charter are mainly in English itself, thus making it inaccessible for a major set of population across the country● Adequate publicity has not been given to the Charters. In most Departments, the Charters were only in the early stages of implementation.● No funds were specifically earmarked for awareness generation on Citizen’s Charter or for orientation of the staff on various components of the Charter.Inorder to make the Charter more effective, certain steps such as delegation of powers to the staff, setting up systems for feedback and independent scrutiny etc. are necessary. 3. “Representation of people’s act is a pivotal cog in ensuring smooth functioning of election machinery”.Critically analyse (10 Marks) Answer: Representation of People’s Act 1950 and 1951 deal respectively with the laws related to allocation of seats, delimitation of constituencies and the conduct of election of the Houses of Parliament and State Legislatures. It is the legal mechanism which helps the Election Commission of India to discharge a free and fair election in India. RoPA- A pivotal cog in conduct of free and fair elections: • It provides for the allocation of seats and delimitation of constituencies for the election in Parliament and State Legislatures.• It gives a definite organisation structure in the conduct of elections where the ECI is assisted by the officers such as Chief electoral officers, District election officers, Electoral Registration officers etc.• The preparation of electoral rolls for the conduct of elections are mandated in this Act as well.• In addition to that, it deals with the procedures to file election disputes in case of any disagreements over the results.• It clearly specifies the conditions under which the election candidates will be disqualified. Such conditions are necessary to reduce the criminalisation of politics, booth capture etc.• It deals in detail with the registration of political parties, gives the access to accept contributions etc However, the implementation of RoPA faces certain challenges as well in ensuring free and fair elections: • Association for Democratic Reforms has reported a clear crime-politics nexus which indicate malpractises during elections.• It is not yet able to solve the issues of booth capture, freebies during elections, the extravagant spending of black money during elections etc.• Often elections and its outcomes are determined by the caste and
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 21
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 21 Check All Mains Questions $ Answers 1. Critically analyze the strategies involved in the National Clean Air Program to tackle air pollution problems across India? (10 Marks) (150 Words) ANSWER: The Central Government launched National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) as a long-term, time-bound, national level strategy to tackle the air pollution problem across the country in a comprehensive manner with targets to achieve 20% to 30% reduction in Particulate Matter concentrations by 2024 keeping 2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration Features It is the first-ever effort in the country to frame a national framework for air quality management with a time-bound reduction target. It is the first-ever effort in the country to frame a national framework for air quality management with a time-bound reduction target. City-specific action plans are being formulated for non-attainment cities that are considered to have air quality worse than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. City-specific action plans are being formulated for non-attainment cities that are considered to have air quality worse than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The Smart Cities programme will be used to launch the NCAP in the 43 smart cities falling in the list of the 102 non-attainment cities. The Smart Cities programme will be used to launch the NCAP in the 43 smart cities falling in the list of the 102 non-attainment cities. NCAP talks of a collaborative, multi-scale and cross-sectoral coordination between central ministries, state governments and local bodies. The CPCB will execute the nation-wide programme for the prevention, control, and abatement of air pollution within the framework of the NCAP. NCAP will be “institutionalised” by respective ministries and will be organised through inter-sectoral groups that will also include the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health, NITI Aayog, and experts from various field. Other features of NCAP include – Increasing the number of monitoring stations in the country including rural monitoring stations Technology support Emphasis on awareness and capacity building initiatives Setting up of certification agencies for monitoring equipment Source apportionment studies Emphasis on enforcement Specific sectoral interventions. that can be even stronger than the common minimum national programme as defined by NCAP. The government should also include private parties in collaboration to mitigate environmental concerns. Changes require proper recording of data of the variables in the atmosphere. The goal of reducing PM2.5 and PM10 pollution by 20-30 per cent requires dense high-quality air quality information that can help identify hidden local patterns in the data. The most baffling part of NCAP is the absence of a robust fiscal and funding strategy. Only a pittance of Rs 300 crore is being earmarked for NCAP. Clearly, NCAP cannot be sustainable nor can it gain strength or make a difference on a longer-term basis if it does not have a clear fiscal strategy According to National Green Tribunal given the rapid rise of air pollution and health issues related to it the time frame of reduction that is 2024 has to be reduce NGT further reiterated that The Right to Clean Air stood recognized as part of Right to Life and failure to address air pollution is a denial of Right to Life under Article 21 2. What do you understand by desertification? Examine the reasons for desertification in India. (10 Marks) (150 Words) ANSWER: Desertification is a type of land degradation in drylands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly arid. DESERTIFICATION IN INDIA Of India’s total geographical area of 328.72 million hectares (MHA), 96.4 MHA (32%) is under desertification. In eight states—Rajasthan, Delhi, Goa, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Tripura and Himachal Pradesh—around 40 to 70 per cent of land has undergone desertification. 26 of 29 Indian states have reported an increase in the area undergoing desertification in the past 10 years. Major reasons for desertification in India Unsustainable agriculture practice: The cultivation of water-intensive crops and unmindful agro-climatic cropping pattern. Soil Erosion: It is responsible for around 10% of desertification. Soil Erosion is the loss of soil cover mainly due to rainfall and surface runoff water. Water erosion is observed in both hot and cold desert areas, across various land covers and with varying severity levels. Vegetation Degradation: Vegetation degradation is observed mainly as deforestation / forest-blanks / shifting cultivation and degradation in grazing/grassland as well as in scrubland. Destruction of vegetation, most often by humans, accelerates desertification. Wind Erosion: It denotes the spread of sand by various processes, even up to lofty altitudes of Himalayas. Wind erosion removes the topsoil, which is rich in all plant nutrients and bacterial activities. Salinity:It occurs mostly in cultivated lands, especially in the irrigated areas. Soil salinity refers to the water dissolvable salt present in the soil. Salinity can develop naturally, or human-induced. Human-made settlement: All land degradation processes are induced directly or indirectly by human intervention. It includes activities like mining and human intervention Climate change:Climate change plays a huge role in desertification. As the days get warmer and periods of drought become more frequent, desertification becomes more and more imminent. Lack of knowledge and awareness: There is inadequate quantitative data on current land use in arid and semi-arid regions of the country. Whatever information is available is scattered across many agencies and institutions and is not readily accessible to researchers, planners, and policymakers, hampering the full assessment of land degradation and desertification problems and the quantification of economic losses to the region. Other factors: they include waterlogging, frost shattering, mass movement, barren and rocky land type Conclusion: Water management practises, community participation, and sustainable and climate smart agricultural practices are the major ways to prevent desertification.In fact, many drought ravaged villages like tonk district of Rajasthan have shown India can get rid of desertification 3. The value of global assets exposed to the sea level rise is projected to rise between 12-20% of global GDP. In this light, examine the causes for sea-level rise? Examine its multidimensional impacts. (10 Marks) (150 Words) ANSWER: SLR is an increase
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 15
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 15 Check All Mains Questions The 73rd Constitutional Amendment has provided a permanent structural framework to Panchayati Raj Institutions resulting in silent social revolution. Comment. (150 Words) (10 Marks) Because of several judicial pronouncements, Governors in States are no longer viewed as agents of the party in power at the central level. Critically Evaluate. (150 Words) (10 Marks) “Indian constitutional machinery provides structures for procedural democracy, but fails to develop strong foundations for substantive democracy.” Critically Comment. (150 Words) (10 Marks) The Doctrine of Neutrality is a bedrock of a constitutional democracy. How far are the constitutional offices of India protecting constitutional democracy in India? Analyse (250 Words) (15 Marks) “Amendments adopted with haste and without much scrutiny and discussion have diluted the RTI Act and reduced transparency in public dealing.” In this light, evaluate how far the Right to Information (RTI) Act succeeded in ensuring the right to public service in India and how the new amendment might affect the process? (250 Words) (15 Marks) Answers 1.The 73rd Constitutional Amendment has provided a permanent structural framework to Panchayati Raj Institutions resulting in silent social revolution. Comment. (150 Words) (10 Marks) APPROACH: Briefly mention about 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act Mention its important provisions which give it a permanent structural framework. Explain how it helps to empower the PRIs. ANSWER: 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 has added a new part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution. The 73rd Amendment envisages the establishment of Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures. Structural framework provided to PRIs by 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act are: Three tier local government: Panchayats shall be constituted in every State, Panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels GramSabha:Gram Sabha may exercise such powers and perform such functions at the village level as the Legislature of a State Composition of Panchayats:All the seats in a Panchayat shall be filled by persons chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the Panchayat Reservation of Seats:Compulsory reservation of seats shall be provided to SC and ST population in every Panchayat as per the proportion of population. Uniform five year term and elections to constitute new bodies to be completed before the expiry of the term. In the event of dissolution, elections compulsorily within six months (Article 243E). Finance Commission:Governor of a State shall constitute a State Finance Commission to review financial positions and make recommendations to the Governor about the distribution between the State and the Panchayats of the net proceeds of the taxes. The above features provided the PRIs a structural framework. This helped to empower the PRIs to perform a silent social revolution: Women Empowerment:Women become active stakeholders in the Panchayati Raj Institutions. They will be actively involved in decision making, policy implementation etc. improving their social status. Improvement in Health and Education Standards: PRI can help in the implementation of Health and Family Welfare programmes by progressive transfer of funds, functions and functionaries, empowering them suitably to manage and supervise the functioning of health care infrastructure. Convergence of Community Based Organisations and PRI:PRI-CBO Convergence Project is an attempt to enhance convergence between Panchayat Raj Institutions and Community Based Organisation like Kudumbashree in Kerala. The project uses centrally sponsored schemes as entry points for strengthening the CBO-PRI interface. Implementation of Schemes:Community ownership is improved through the monitoring and oversight of local level institutions with active social audits and community participation. Eg: Constitution of village level health committees at the level of the Gram Panchayat is key for successful implementation of National Health Mission. Proper utilization of different government policieslike National Literacy Mission and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan for educating the rural men and women can also be achieved. Inclusive Society:The reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in PRIs help in the mobilisation of lower sections of society and thus reduce the caste barriers. Thus, the Panchayati Raj Institutions have largely resulted in social empowerment of the society. 2. Because of several judicial pronouncements, Governors in States are no longer viewed as agents of the party in power at the central level. Critically Evaluate. (150 Words) (10 Marks) APPROACH: Give a brief introduction about the role of Governors. Mention why Governors are viewed as agents of political parties in the Centre. Give judicial verdicts that outline the role of Governors and enhance impartiality. ANSWER: Article 153 of the Constitution provides that each State shall have a Governor. The Governor is the Constitutional Head of a State as well as a Constitutional link between the Center and the States. As a result, the Constitution makers envisaged that a Governor shall have no interest in party politics except for proper discharge of his Constitutional functions. Yet, the Governors are viewed as agents of the Central government. This is because: Discretion of Central Government:It enjoys prerogative to appoint its men of taste and confidence for the post of Governor. Non Consultation with State Government:There are instances where Governor of the State is appointed without consultation of Chief Minister of the state government Sarkaria Commission reports indicate that more than 60% of the Governors had taken active part in politics, many of them immediately prior to their appointment Appointments and Removals:When the parties who are elected to the Centre Government changes, there is a tendency of mass removal or appointment of the Governors indicating partisanship in appointments. Eg: Janata Government appointed ten new governors in different states in 1978. The Governors recommended the President’s rule under Article 356 in a partisan manner during political instability in the States. Judicial pronouncements are laid down that outline the role of Governors in the state. They are: Hargovind Pant v Dr. Raghukul Tilak case:The Constitution bench has made the following observations regarding the Office of Governor. The Governor is not under the
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 4 Ethics -Test 19
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS 4 Ethics -Test 19 1. (a) “Laws restrict people, while it is values that bring out their goodness”. Evaluate. (10 Marks) ANSWER: Laws and values are found in all spheres of society. They govern the actions of individuals on a daily basis. They often work hand-in-hand to ensure that citizens act in a certain manner, and coordinate efforts to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public.Law creates a basic, enforceable standard of behaviour necessary in order for a community to succeed and in which all people are treated equally. On the other hand, our values give us a sense of what’s good, right, and meaningful in our lives. They serve as a reference point for all the possible courses of action we could choose. In this regard, the law is narrower in focus than values. Example: Driving carefully and within the speed limit because you see a police car behind you suggests your fear of breaking the law and being punished for it. Driving carefully because you don’t want to hurt someone is making a decision based on values.Laws alone cannot ensure order. While laws ensure that citizens are obedient, values regulate the internal behaviour of individuals. Thus, it is important for society to be based on certain values as well. Societies, where greater emphasis is given to values, have a greater level of goodness. Example: Scandinavian countries 1. (b) Moral values of an individual are a result of various influences. Discuss the role of social media and mass media in building moral values. (10 Marks) ANSWER: Moral values are shaped by social norms, cultural practices, and religious influences. In contemporary times, social media and mass media has a great role to play in building moral values. The technological advances have made the media the most influential force, especially amongst the youth today. The media influences the development and transformation of values and beliefs of people in a variety of ways like social development, tolerance, positive attitude towards other’s culture. Children are easily influenced by the functional “parallel school” of the media. Media’s role in building values Media reinforces the existing beliefs and stereotypes rather than changing attitudes. It affects our beliefs about reality when an individual does not have first-hand experiences to rely upon. Media brings about conversion in the perspective and opinions of the people. It influences lifestyle and culture. Helps in social awareness. For instance, the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan movement has been popularized to develop a sense of responsibility towards cleanliness. Children assimilate social behaviours by perceiving others. Therefore, exposure to TV characters who succeed by conducting behaviour in violent, aggressive, or stereotypical ways may motivate children to use alike approaches in their own lives. Media influences us in one way by shaping our subjective understanding of reality and conceptualising about the world. Thus, the media is responsible and accountable in the said ways of building a value-laden society 2.”If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion” (10 Marks) ANSWER: The road to happiness is the development of inner peace and compassion, through reflection and the training of one’s own mind. It doesn’t just lie within ourselves, but in your connections and interactions with others. Thus, the key to happiness can be found in compassion. ‘Compassion’ is the feeling of concern that arises when we encounter pain and suffering, our own as well as others’. It involves the motivation to relieve this suffering and is natural in everyone. It requires action as well. According to the Dalai Lama, the secret to lasting happiness doesn’t lie in any goods, relationships or achievements, but rather in what we can give: not just material gifts, but gifts of time, love, random acts of kindness etc.Example: Volunteering is beneficial for oneself and others.Compassion for others begins with kindness to ourselves. It is a lack of love for ourselves that inhibits our compassion toward others. If we make friends with ourselves, then there is no obstacle to opening our hearts and minds to others. 3. Among the following attributes such as experience, knowledge and attitude which is the most useful tool in building moral values? Substantiate your answer with examples. (10 Marks) ANSWER: Moral values are the yardsticks which help in measuring the desirability or undesirability of any act, behaviour or practice. It is based on personal conscience rather than what the law or societal regulations dictate. Different attributes play an essential role in building moral values.Moral values are inherently a person‘s choice as to which morals does he/she values and which he does not. They also guide us about a variety of social norms and rules, thus facilitating the co-existence of people from diverse backgrounds. For example Tolerance is an important value in a multicultural society. With the evolution of society, there is an understanding of what is right and wrong. Depending upon how an individual decides to conduct his day to day life, his moral standards are determined. They are not solely determined by one standard but are based on a combination of different standards or attributes. A set of ethical standards based on different philosophies shows the dynamic nature of human character and conduct. Experience builds knowledge and knowledge moulds one’s attitude. They change according to cultures and all these attributes are necessary to deal with the plurality of truths. For example A doctor may have to suggest genetic testing to a catholic couple expecting a child. In this situation, she might have to use her experience and knowledge to convince the couple and suggest a change in their perceived beliefs for the safety of their child.Moral values are not universal and hence requires several attributes to come together to exhibit an ethical act. You are a senior medical professional working in an independent health organisation tasked to study the spread of a new Pneumonia like disease in a nearby city. You, along with the members of the government, have reached the epicentre
UPSC IAS Prelims 2023 Detailed Answer Key – Civils360
UPSC IAS Prelims 2023 Detailed Answer Key – Civils360 1. In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka which flourished as a prominent Buddhist center under the Mahasanghikas, located? (a) Andhra (b) Gandhara (c) Kalinga (d) Magadha Answer – A Dharanikota is a town near Amaravati in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India, It is the site of the ancient Dhanyakataka which was the capital of the Satavahana kingdom which ruled in the Deccan around the 1st to 3rd centuries A.D. 2. With reference to ancient India, consider the following statements : The concept of stupa in Buddhist origin. Stupa was generally a repository of relics. Stupa was a votive and commemorative structure in Buddhisist tradition tradition. How many of the statements given above are correct? a. Only one b. Only two c. All three d. None Answer B Types of stupas Built for a variety of reasons, Buddhist stupas are classified based on form and function into five types:[49] Relic stupa, in which the relics or remains of the Buddha, his disciples, and lay saints are interred. Object stupa, in which the items interred are objects belonged to the Buddha or his disciples, such as a begging bowl or robe, or important Buddhist scriptures. Commemorative stupa, built to commemorate events in the lives of Buddha or his disciples. Symbolic stupa, to symbolise aspects of Buddhist theology; for example, Borobudur is considered to be the symbol of “the Three Worlds (dhatu) and the spiritual stages (bhumi) in a Mahayana bodhisattva’s character.”[49] Votive stupa, constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits, usually at the site of prominent stupas which are regularly visited. Stupas may have originated as pre-Buddhist tumuli in which śramaṇas were buried in a seated position called chaitya. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupa 3. With reference to ancient South India, korkhai, poompuhar were well known as (a) capital cities(b) Ports(c) Centres of iron-and-steel making(d) Shrines of Jain Tirthankaras Answer- B TN SCERT – 6th class 4. Which one of the following explains the practice of Vattakirutal mentioned in Sangam poems? (a) Kings employing women bodyguards(b) Learned persons assembling in royal courts to discuss religious andphilosophical matters(c) Young girls keeping watch over agricultural fields and driving away birds andanimals(d) A king‘ defeated in a battle committing ritual suicide by starving himself todeath Answer D Vatakkiruttal (Tamil: வடக்கிருத்தல், Vaṭakkiruttal, ‘fasting facing north’), also Vadakiruthal and vatakiruttal, was a Tamil ritual of fasting till death. It was especially widespread during the Sangam age. The Tamil kings, in order to save their honour, and prestige, were prepared to meet their death facing North (‘Vatakkiruttal’) and never would they turn their back in battle. It was a Tamil martial (Tamil: நோன்பு, nōnpu, ‘vow’). This was either done alone, or as a group with the supporters of the captured king. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatakkiruttal 5. Consider the following dynasties : Hoysala, Gahadavala. Kakatiya Yadava How many of the above dynasties established their kingdoms in early eighth century AD? (a) Only one(b) Only two(c) Only three(d) None Answer D Yadava dynasty, rulers of a 12th–14th-century Hindu kingdom of central India in what is now the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Kakatiya dynasty (IAST: Kākatīya) was a Telugu dynasty that ruled most of eastern Deccan region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries. he Gahadavala dynasty (IAST: Gāhaḍavālas) also Gahadavalas of Kannauj was a Rajput dynasty[2][3] that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, during 11th and 12th centuries. The Hoysala Empire was a Kannadiga power originating from the Indian subcontinent that ruled most of what is now Karnataka between the 10th and the 14th centuries. The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at Belur, but was later moved to Halebidu. 6. With reference to ancient Indian History, consider the following pairs : Literary work Author Devichandragupta : Bilhana Hammira-Mahakavya : Nayachandra Suri Milinda-panh linda-panha : Nagarjuna, Nitivakyamrita : Somadeva Suri How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one(b) Only two(c) Only three(d) All four Answer B Hammira Mahakavya (IAST: Hammīra-Mahākāvya) is a 15th-century Indian Sanskrit epic poem written by the Jain scholar Nayachandra Suri. Devi-Chandraguptam (IAST: Devīcandraguptam) or Devi-Chandragupta is an Indian Sanskrit-language political drama attributed to Vishakhadeva, who is generally identified with Vishakhadatta. The complete text of the play is now lost, but its portions survive in form of quotations in the later works. The plot also survives in form of a Persian language story, which appears to be an adaptation of the play, and is included in the 11th century text Majmal-ut-Tawarikh. he Milinda Panho is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BC and 200 CE. It records a dialogue between the Buddhist sage Nāgasena, and the Indo-Greek king Menander. Nītivākyāmṛta (नीतिवाक्यामृत) is the name of a text dealing with ethics and ethical values (nītiśāstra), attributed to Somadeva . 7. “Souls are not only the property of animal and plant life, but also of rocks, running water and many of natural objects not looked on as living by other religious sects.” The above statement reflects one of the core beliefs of which one of the following religious sects of ancient India? (a) Buddhism(b) Jainism(c) Shaivism(d) Vaishnavism Answer B Souls are not only the property of animal and plant life, but also of entities such as stones, rocks, running water, and many other natural objects not looked upon as living by other sects. 8. Who among the following rulers of Vijayanagara Empire constructed a large dam across Tungabhadra river and a canalcum-aqueduct several kilometres long from the river to the capital city? (a) Devaraya 1 (b) Mallikarjuna (c) Vira Vijaya (d) Virupaksha Answer A In c.1410 Devaraya I had a barrage constructed across the Tungabhadra river and commissioned a 24 km long aqueduct from the Tungabhadra river to the capital 9. Who among the following rulers of medieval Gujarat surrendered Diu to Portuguese ? (a) Ahmad Shah(b) Mahmud Begarha(c) Bahadur Shah(d) Muhammad Shah Answer: C Early in the 16th century, the Sultan of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, came under immense pressure when his kingdom was invaded by the second Mughal Emperor Humayun. At that juncture, he decided to remain on conciliatory terms with the
Graphene for UPSC Prelims
Graphene for UPSC Prelims Introduction Graphene is a revolutionary material that has the potential to transform various industries such as electronics, energy, and healthcare. It is a thin layer of carbon atoms that are arranged in a hexagonal lattice pattern and is considered to be the strongest material known to man. In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of graphene for UPSC Prelims. Properties of Graphene Graphene has unique properties that make it an attractive material for various applications. It is an excellent conductor of electricity and has high thermal conductivity. It is also flexible, transparent, and has a large surface area. Due to its high surface area, graphene can be used for energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Its high strength and flexibility make it suitable for use in lightweight materials such as aircraft and sports equipment. Technical Specifications of Graphene Thickness: One atom thick Density: 2.267 g/cm³ Conductivity: 1,000 times greater than copper Strength: 200 times greater than steel Young’s modulus: 1 TPa (terapascal) Thermal conductivity: 5,000 W/mK (watts per meter Kelvin) Surface area: 2,630 m²/g (square meters per gram) Applications of Graphene Graphene has numerous applications in various industries. In the electronics industry, it can be used in transistors, touchscreens, and solar cells. Graphene-based transistors are faster and consume less power compared to traditional transistors. In the healthcare industry, it can be used in drug delivery and imaging. Graphene-based drug delivery systems can target specific cells and reduce side effects. In the energy industry, it can be used in batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells. Graphene-based batteries and supercapacitors have higher energy density and faster charging times compared to traditional batteries. Programs and Schemes in India Supporting Graphene The Government of India has initiated several programs and schemes to encourage the usage of graphene. Some of the major programs and schemes are listed below: National Graphene Coordination Centre (NGCC): The NGCC has been established to promote research and development of graphene in India. It aims to create a platform for collaboration among researchers, academia, and industries. Nano Mission: The Nano Mission is a flagship program of the Government of India that aims to promote research and development in the field of nanotechnology. Graphene is one of the focus areas of this program. Department of Science and Technology (DST): The DST has initiated several programs to promote the usage of graphene in various industries. It has funded several research projects related to graphene. Graphene Entrepreneurship Park (GEP): The GEP is a joint initiative of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras and the Tamil Nadu government. It aims to promote entrepreneurship in the field of graphene. Challenges in Graphene Research Despite its potential, there are several challenges in graphene research. One of the major challenges is the production of high-quality graphene in large quantities. Current production methods are expensive and time-consuming. Another challenge is the integration of graphene into existing technologies. The properties of graphene are different from traditional materials, and integrating it into existing technologies requires significant research and development. Conclusion Graphene is a revolutionary material that has the potential to transform various industries. Its unique properties make it an attractive material for various applications. The Government of India has initiated several programs and schemes to encourage the usage of graphene. However, there are several challenges in graphene research that need to be addressed. Aspirants appearing for UPSC Prelims should have a basic understanding of graphene and its applications, as well as the programs and schemes in India supporting graphene.
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 22
UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice GS -Test 22 Check All Mains Questions 1. Is overemphasis on preserving diversity a threat to India’s unity? Discuss. (10 Marks) 2. Has the tribes in India been assimilated or Integrated into society? Illustrate using examples. (10 Marks) 3. Social exclusion is more often a reason for poverty rather than a consequence of poverty. Discuss. (10 Marks) 4. The 21st century global health landscape requires effective global action in the face of globalization of trade, travel, information, human rights, ideas, and disease. Discuss the role and functions of WHO. Has WHO been able to meet its mandate? (10 Marks) 5. Nutrition is not an option but a necessity for human development. Analyze the state of nutrition among Indian population. Mention some of the Government measures in this direction.. (10 Marks) 6. What do you understand by casteism in society? Examine how casteism undermines democratic way of life in society. (15 Marks) 7. “Regionalism is rooted in India’s manifold cultural, linguistic, tribal, ethnic diversities and encouraged by their regional concentration, fuelled by a sense of regional deprivation.” Discuss the statement in relation to the origin of regionalism and its interrelationship with subnational identity. Also analyse whether it can consequently bridge the socioeconomic and political inequalities. (15 Marks) 8. Violence against women in public places is not a law and order issue, but a reflection of deep social pathologies. Explain. (15 Marks) 9. There is no lack of welfare schemes in India, but still the real empowerment and upliftment of vulnerable sections are absent. Discuss the major reasons for welfare schemes’ ineffectiveness and suggest measures to improve the situation. (15 Marks) 10. A surging population that has the potential to make India an economic superpower is now becoming a cause of concern. Discuss the concerns. What measures have been taken by the government to enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive and employable? (15 Marks) Answers 1. Is overemphasis on preserving diversity a threat to India’s unity? Discuss. (10 Marks) (150 Words) ANSWER: India is blessed with a multicultural, multireligious and multilingual society that has immense diversity among the world. Its unity in diversity is unique in comparison to the global community. At times, emphasis on diversity acts as a threat to the unity of country as seen in: (a) Religious diversity at times causes troubles to the secular fabric of the nation as witnessed in communalist tendencies, mob lyinching based on religion etc. (b) Ethnic diversity in India and tensions between different ethnic groups do tend to compartmentalise the society. This could lead to episodes of ethnic hate speeches and pose a potential threat of ethnic cleansing as well. Eg: Attack against North East Indians in Bangalore. (c) Diversity leads to the emergence of regionalism based on affinity towards a particular region or a place. This can undermine the unifying factor of national unity. Eg: Demands for separate Dravidanadu. (d) Diverse groups coexist in each place on the basis of caste, class etc. The majoritarian groups try to impose their opinions on the minority. It can threaten the unity supplemented by the diversity in India. Eg: Dalit atrocities such as in Una, Bhima Koregaon etc. (e) Emergence of caste based politics due to favouring vote banks around the time of elections create a wedge in society. (f) Demands for separate states such as Khalistan, Gorkhaland etc. due to the ethnic and cultural diversity within a state itself. Yet, the existence of diversity is supportive for the unity of India itself. This is evident in the fact: (a) Diverse groups coexist in India and cherish the common values of freedom fighters and nationalism. (b) Diverse geography is co promoted together by the Incredible India campaign to promote the tourism sector in India. (c) Diverse groups in India have common traits such as Vasudaiva Kutumbakam entrenched in them as they welcome and respect one another. A country like India can only exist if the diversity and heterogeneous entities are mutually helping and supportive. Even after 70 years of independence, India still exists as a unified nation due to its unique unity in diversity. 2. Has the tribes in India been assimilated or Integrated into society? Illustrate using examples. (10 Marks) (150 Words) ANSWER: Tribes are a social group characterised by the features such as isolation from the rest of mainstream society in terms of demography, economy, cultural practises etc. They also do not have any social stratification and role- specialization among themselves. Even though they are culturally distinguishable from others, their integration and assimilation into society has happened in varying degrees. Tribes- Integration into society: Integration of the tribal groups include preservation of the tribal people’s rich social and cultural heritage in their private sphere but adoption of common cultural traits and values of nationalism in the public sphere. It was essentially the result of Nehruvian policy. Tribes are integrated into society as seen in the following cases: ●The constitutional safeguards such as the incorporation of Schedule V and Schedule VI states recognise the importance of safeguarding cultural traits, customs and practises. ●Similarly, the measures like Tribal Panchsheel, Tribal Sub Plan etc. are policies of integration as well. The policies of tribal Panchsheel include non interference in tribal lives, respect to tribal rights in forest areas. ●Policy of integration into society include protective safeguards like protection from social injustice, abolition of bonded labour and political safeguards like reservation of seats in Parliament and developmental safeguards like promoting the educational and economic interests of the Scheduled Tribes ●No over-administration of tribal areas. Efforts are made for administration and development of tribals through their own social and cultural institutions. Eg: Encouraging tribal dormitories among youth. Tribes- Assimilation into society: Assimilation is a process in which the culturally unique set of demography like tribes take over the culture and identity of mainstream society and becomes a complete part of that group. The assimilation of the tribes
കഠിന കഠോരമീ സിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ; എന്നാലുമുണ്ട് എളുപ്പവഴികള്
കഠിന കഠോരമീ സിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ; എന്നാലുമുണ്ട് എളുപ്പവഴികള് ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സിവില് സര്വീസസ് പരീക്ഷ ലോകത്തിലെ തന്നെ ഏറ്റവും വെല്ലുവിളി നിറഞ്ഞതും അഭിമാനകരവുമായ പരീക്ഷകളിലൊന്നാണ്. ഏറെ കഠിനമായ പരീക്ഷയാണിതെങ്കിലും അല്പ്പമൊന്ന് ശ്രദ്ധിച്ചാല് വിജയം കൈവരിക്കാനാകുമെന്നാണ് പലരുടെയും അനുഭവം.കഠിന കഠോരമായ സിവില്സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ ആദ്യശ്രമത്തില് തന്നെ പാസാകാന് ചില എളുപ്പ വഴികളുണ്ട്. മുന്കാല ജേതാക്കളില് പലരും പലപ്പോഴായി വെളിപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുമുണ്ട് ഈ ടെക്നിക്കുകളില് പലതും. സ്ഥിരോല്സാഹം, അര്പ്പണബോധം തുടങ്ങിയ കേട്ടുപഴകിയ സ്വഭാവഗുണങ്ങള് മാത്രം മതിയാകില്ല, വെല്ലുവിളികള് ഏറെയുള്ള ഈ പരീക്ഷ കടന്നുകിട്ടാന്. അവയെക്കുറിച്ചാണ് ഇവിടെ പറയുന്നത്. 1) പരീക്ഷ പാറ്റേണ് നന്നായി മനസ്സിലാക്കുകസിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷയുടെ ഫോര്മാറ്റും ഘടനയും കൃത്യമായി മനസിലാക്കിയാല്ത്തന്നെ ആദ്യത്തെ കടമ്പ ഏറെക്കുറേ പൂര്ത്തിയായി എന്നു പറയാം. പ്രാഥമിക പരീക്ഷ, മെയിന് പരീക്ഷ, അഭിമുഖം എന്നിങ്ങനെ മൂന്ന് ഘട്ടങ്ങളായാണ് പരീക്ഷ എന്ന്് അറിയാമല്ലോ. ഇതില് പ്രാഥമിക പരീക്ഷ ഒബ്ജക്റ്റീവ് രീതിയിലുള്ളതും മെയിന് പരീക്ഷ വിവരിച്ച് എഴുതേണ്ടതുമാണ്. ഇത്രയും കാര്യങ്ങള് പരീക്ഷയ്ക്ക് തയ്യാറെടുക്കുന്ന ഏതൊരാള്ക്കും അറിയാവുന്നതാണെങ്കിലും ഈ പരീക്ഷകളിലെ ഓരോന്നിന്റെയും പരീക്ഷാ പാറ്റേണ്, മാര്ക്കിംഗ് സ്കീം, സമയ പരിമിതികള് എന്നിവയെക്കുറിച്ച് ആഴത്തിലുള്ള ധാരണ വളരെ അത്യാവശ്യമാണ്. പരിചയസമ്പന്നരായ അധ്യാപകര് നടത്തുന്ന പരിശീലനകേന്ദ്രങ്ങളില് ഇതു സംബന്ധിച്ച വ്യക്തമായ വിവരങ്ങള് നിങ്ങള്ക്ക്് ലഭിക്കും. വിദഗ്ദരാല് നയിക്കുന്ന പരിശീലനകേന്ദ്രങ്ങളില് ചേര്ന്ന് പഠിക്കുന്നതിന്റെ ഏറ്റവും വലിയ മെച്ചവും ഇതു തന്നെയാണ്. ഇതിനു പുറമെ മുന്വര്ഷങ്ങളിലെ ചോദ്യപേപ്പറുകള് പരിഹരിക്കുന്നതും മോക്ക് ടെസ്റ്റുകളില് പങ്കെടുക്കുന്നതുമെല്ലാം ആത്മവിശ്വാസം വളര്ത്താനും ടൈം മാനേജ്മെന്റ് കഴിവുകള് മെച്ചപ്പെടുത്താനുമൊക്കെ സഹായിക്കും. ആത്മവിശ്വാസവും ടൈംമാനേജ്മെന്റും സിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ നേരിടുന്നതിന് ഏറ്റവും അത്യാവശ്യമായ ടൂളുകളാണ് എന്ന് നിങ്ങള്ക്കറിയാമല്ലോ. 2 ) സിലബസ് ശരിയായി മനസിലാക്കുകഏതൊരു പരീക്ഷയെയും എന്ന പോലെ സിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷകള്ക്കും സിലബസ് വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണ്. ഒരു സ്ക്രീനിങ് ടെസ്റ്റ് എന്ന നിലയില് സിവില് സര്വീസ് പ്രിലിംസിനെ സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം ഏറെ പ്രധാനവുമാണിത്. സിലബസും പരീക്ഷയുടെ ഘടനയും ശരിയായി മനസിലാക്കിയശേഷമാണ് ശരിയായ പ്ലാനിംഗും പഠനവും പരിശീലനവും ക്രമീകരിക്കേണ്ടത്. 3) പഠനം ക്രമീകരിക്കുകപരീക്ഷയുടെ ഘടന, സിലബസ്, തുടങ്ങിയവ ശരിയായി മനസിലാക്കിക്കഴിഞ്ഞാല് നിങ്ങളുടെ പഠനത്തിന് ആവശ്യമായ ടൈംടേബിള് തയ്യാറാക്കേണ്ടതുണ്ട്്. കുറഞ്ഞത് ഒരു വര്ഷമെങ്കിലും പഠനത്തിനായി നീക്കി വച്ചാല് മാത്രമേ സാധാരണഗതിയില് സിവില്സര്വീസ് നേടിയെടുക്കാന് സാധിക്കൂ. മറ്റെന്തെങ്കിലും പഠനമോ ജോലിയോ ഉള്ളവരാണെങ്കില് പഠനം എങ്ങിനെ ക്രമീകരിക്കാമെന്ന് നന്നായി ആലോചിക്കുക. ആവശ്യമെങ്കില് മറ്റു ജോലികളും പഠനവുമൊക്കെ മാറ്റിവെച്ച് സിവില് സര്വീസിനായി മുഴുവന് സമയവും വിനിയോഗിക്കുക. പ്രായോഗികമായ തീരുമാനങ്ങള് എടുക്കുക എന്നത് തന്നെയാണ് ഈ ഘട്ടത്തിലും പ്രധാനം. 4) പ്രൊഫഷണല് സഹായം തേടുകസിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷകളെ സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം തയ്യാറെടുപ്പുകളഴും പരിശീലനവും എത്രയധികമായാലും കുഴപ്പമില്ല എന്നതാണ് പലരുടെയും അനുഭവം. കഴിയുന്നത്ര പഠിക്കുകയും കഴിയുന്നത്ര തയ്യാറെടുപ്പുകള് നടത്തുകയുമെല്ലാം ഇതിന് ആവശ്യമായി വരുന്ന കാര്യങ്ങളാണ്. അതു കൊണ്ടു തന്നെ കൃത്യമായ ഒരു പ്ലാനിങ്ങ് പരിശീലനത്തിനും പഠനത്തിനും ആവശ്യമാണ്. എന്നാല് ഈ പ്ലാനിങ്ങ് ആരുടെയെങ്കിലും രീതികള് പകര്ത്തുന്നതിലപ്പുറം സ്വന്തം പരിമിതികളും ലഭ്യമായ സമയവും ഒക്കെ അനുസരിച്ച് പ്രായോഗികമായ കാര്യങ്ങളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിലാകേണ്ടതുണ്ട്. സ്വന്തം കഴിവുകളും കഴിവുകേടുകളും വെല്ലുവിളികളും ആരോഗ്യവും പ്രശ്നങ്ങളുമൊക്കെ വിലയിരുത്തി വേണം പഠനത്തിനായി നീക്കിവെയ്ക്കുന്ന സമയം ക്രമീകരിക്കേണ്ടത്. 5) വിഭജിച്ച് വിജയിക്കാംപാഠഭാഗങ്ങള് ചെറിയ ഭാഗങ്ങളായി തിരിച്ച്് പഠിക്കുന്നതാണ് ശരിയായ രീതി. ഓരോ ചെറിയ ഭാഗത്തിനും പ്രത്യേകം സമയക്രമവും ടാര്ഗറ്റുമൊക്കെ വച്ച്് അതിനനുസരിച്ച് പൂര്ത്തിയാക്കണം. ടൈം മാനേജ്മെന്റ് വളരെ പ്രധാനമാണെന്ന്് മറക്കരുത്. അതേസമയം ഓരോ പാഠഭാഗത്തിനും അനുവദിക്കുന്ന സമയം പ്രായോഗികവുമായിരിക്കണം. 6) ഓര്ക്കുക, ഓര്മ മാത്രമല്ല പ്രധാനം.വിവിധ വിഷയങ്ങളില് നിങ്ങളുടെ ഓര്മശക്തി പരീക്ഷിക്കലല്ല സിവില് സര്വീസ് പരീക്ഷകളുടെ രീതി. വിഷയത്തില് നിങ്ങള്ക്കുള്ള അറിവ് പരിശോധിക്കുന്നതാണ് പരീക്ഷയുടെ പൊതുവായ രീതി എന്നത്് മുന്കാല ചോദ്യപ്പേപ്പറുകളിലൂടെ കണ്ണോടിച്ചാല് മനസിലാകും. ഒരൊറ്റ ചോദ്യത്തിന് ഉത്തരമെഴുതണമെങ്കില് പോലും ആ ചോദ്യവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട വിഷയത്തിലെ ഒന്നിലേറെ കാര്യങ്ങള് അറിഞ്ഞിരിക്കണം. പരന്നതും ആഴമേറിയതുമായ വായനയിലൂടെ മാത്രമേ ഇത്തരം ചോദ്യങ്ങളെ നേരിടാന് സാധിക്കൂ.ഓര്മശക്തിക്ക് പ്രാധാന്യമില്ല എന്നല്ല, ഓര്മയേക്കാള് അറിവിന് പ്രാധാന്യം നല്കിക്കൊണ്ടാണ് ചോദ്യങ്ങള് തയ്യാറാക്കുന്നത്. എന്നാല് പരിമിതമായ സമയത്തിനുള്ളില് ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള പരന്ന വായനയൊന്നും പലര്ക്കും സാധിക്കാറില്ല. വിദഗ്ദരായ പരിശീലകര് നേതൃത്വം നല്കുന്ന പരിശീലനക്ലാസുകളില് ചേര്ന്ന് പഠിക്കുന്നതിലൂടെ ഈ പ്രശ്നം ഒരു പരിധിവരെ പരിഹരിക്കാനാവും. 7) പ്രാധാന്യം തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞ് പഠിക്കുകപലവിഷയങ്ങളിലയെും പ്രാധാന്യമേറിയ ഘടകങ്ങള് എന്തെല്ലാമെന്ന്് തിരിച്ചറിയേണ്ടത് പരീക്ഷാര്ത്ഥികളെ സംബന്ധിച്ച് വളരെ പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ടതാണ്. എങ്ങിനെയാണ് ഇത്തരത്തില് പ്രാധാന്യമേറിയ പോയന്റുകള് തിരഞ്ഞെടുക്കുന്നത് ? ഇതിന് രണ്ട് മാര്ഗങ്ങളുണ്ട്. ഒന്നാമത്തേത്, വിഷയത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സമഗ്രമായ അറിവ് നേടുക എന്നതാണ്. ഇതിലൂടെ വിവിധ ഘടകങ്ങള് തമ്മിലുള്ള ബന്ധത്തെക്കുറിച്ചും അവയുടെ പ്രാധാന്യവുമൊക്കെ നന്നായി മനസ്സിലാക്കാന് സാധിക്കും. രണ്ടാമത്തെ മാര്ഗം, വിദഗ്ദരും പരിചയസമ്പന്നരുമായ പരിശീലകരുടെ സഹായം തേടുക എന്നതാണ്. നിങ്ങളുടെ മുന്നില് പരിമിതമായ സമയവും റിസോഴ്സുകളുമാണ് ഉള്ളതെങ്കില് ഈ മാര്ഗമാണ് ഏറ്റവും പ്രായോഗികം.
UPSC Prelims Mock Test 16 – GS Paper 1
UPSC Prelims Mock Test 16 – GS Paper 1 civils360 /August 25, 2022 /Mock-test, Questions UPSC Prelims Mock Test 16 – GS Paper 1 Check All Prelims Mock Questions 1.“It is a technology demonstration to test powered, controlled flight on another world for the first time.” Identify the equipment related to this experiment: (a) Tianwen-1(b) Beagle 2(c) Insight(d) Ingenuity 2. Which of the following are threats faced by the fishing cat?1. Increase in human settlement2. Pollution3. Alpine forest destruction4. Unsustainable fishing practices5. PoachingSelect the correct answer using the code given below(a) 1,2 and 4 only(b) 1,2,4 and 5 only(c) 2,3 and 4 only (d) 1,2,3,4 and 5 3. With reference to the Slave dynasty consider the following statements:1. Qutbuddin Aibak founded the Slave dynasty and made Lahore his capital2. The hereditary succession to Delhi Sultanate was initiated by Qutbuddin Aibak.3. Muslim writers called Qutbuddin Aibak, Lakh Baksh or giver of lakhs because he gave liberal donations to themWhich of the statements given above are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3 4.Which one of the following books of Ancient India has the record of a conversation between an Indo-Greek King and a Buddhist monk?(a) Mahavibhasa(b) Nitisara(c) Milinda Panho(d) Mrichchhakatika 5. With reference to the reign of Jahangir, which of the following statements are not correct?1. White marble became the chief building material, replacing red sandstone during this period2. The tomb of Itmad-uddaulah was the first Mughal work made completely of white marble3. Shalimar Bagh in Lahore was constructed by Jahangir.4. The tomb of Jahangir is located at Sikandra.Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:(a) 1 and 2(b) 3 only(c) 3 and 4(d) 2, 3 and 4 6.With reference to the history of medieval India, the word takkavi refers to(a) Agricultural Loan(b) Land revenue(c) Police outlet(d) Token currency 7. Consider the following regarding paleolithic paintings1. Paleolithic paintings were predominantly petroglyphs.2. The themes were generally concerned about their lifestyles and activities.Choose the correct answer from the codes given below (a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 or 2 8.With reference to the Indo-Greek and Kushana rule in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?1.The Indo-Greeks were the first rulers in India to issue coins which can be definitely attributed to the Kings.2.Kushanas issued gold coins widely in large numbers in India.3.The Indo-Greeks introduced the features of the Hellenistic Art in India.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3 9. With reference to Delhi Sultanate consider the following statements:1. Iqta land was allotted to administrators as payment for their services.2. Land under the direct control of the Sultan was known as khalisa land.3. Land assigned or granted to religious leaders or religious institutions was known as inam landWhich of the statements given above are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3 10.Match the following: Author Work 1. Tenali Ramakrishna A. Uttaraharivamsam 2. Nachana Somanatha B. Rajashekharacha ritra 3. Madayyaga ri Mallana C.Panduranga Mahatmayam 4. Bhattumurti D. Narasabhupaliya m Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:(a) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B(b) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-D(c) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B(d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B 11.With reference to Hydrogen, consider the following statements: 1.Blue hydrogen is hydrogen produced when natural gas is split into hydrogen and CO2 but the CO2 is captured and then stored.2.Green hydrogen is hydrogen produced by splitting water by electrolysis.3.Grey hydrogen is hydrogen produced when Ethane is split into hydrogen and CO2 but the CO2 is released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a)1 and 2 only(b)2 and 3 only(c)1 and 3 only(d)1, 2 and 3 12.With reference to Indian history, which among the following is a term used to refer to Greeks? (a)Yavana(b)Dramma(c)Surkhi(d)Strategos 13.Consider the following statements regarding Indus valley civilisation1.The Indus valley civilization was a classless society.2.People of Indus valley civilization were not aware of Cotton.Choose the correct answer from the codes given below(a)1 only(b)2 only(c)Both 1 and 2(d)Neither 1 or 2 14. Prem Vatika,the poem on life of Krishna was composed by(a) Bihari(b) Surdas(c) Rakshan(d) Kabirr 15. Arrange the following in a chronological order:1.Battle of Bilgram2.Battle of Chausa3.Battle of Khanwa4.Battle of KhatoliChoose the correct answer from the codes given below:(a) 1-3-2-4(b) 2-1-4-3(c) 4-3-2-1(d) 4-2-3-1 16. With reference to the Saka rule, which of the following statements is/are correct?1. The first ever long inscription in chaste Sanskrit was issued during this period.2. Saka King Rudradaman is credited with the building of Sudarshana lake in the Kathiawar region for irrigation purposes.Select the correct answer using the code given below:(a)1 only(b)2 only(c)Both 1 and 2(d)Neither 1 nor 2 17. Consider the following regarding the role of women in the Bhakti movement?1. In all cases the women saints rejected traditional women’s role and societal norm by leaving husband and homes altogether.2. All the women who participated in the Bhakti movement were Upper caste.Choose the correct answers from the codes given below(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 or 2 18. Among the following, which one is the incorrect statement with regard to Amir Khusrau ?(a) He introduced many new ragas such as ghora and sanam.(b) He evolved a new style of light music known as qwalis(c) He wrote the book Tabaqat-i-Nasari(d) He created a new style of Persian poetry called Sabaq- i-Hind 19.Consider the following statements regarding Digambaras: 1.Digambara stresses the practice of nudity as an absolute prerequisite to the mendicant’s path and to attain salvation.2.Digambaras acknowledge the possibility of woman attaining Jina-hood and maintain that women are capable in present lifetime of the same spiritual accomplishment as men3.Digambara believes that Mahavira married princess yashoda at a fairly young age and had a daughter named Priyadarshana Choose the correct answer from the codes given below (a)1 only(b)1 and 3 only(c)2 and 3 only(d)1,2 and 3 20.Which of the following statements about the Rashtrakuta period are correct? 1.The terms Kalanju and Akkam
