Pan IIT Global Summit
Pan IIT Global Summit PanIIT USA is organizing its first and the biggest Global Virtual Summit. The theme of IIT-2020 Global Summit is ‘The Future is Now’. The Summit will focus on issues like global economy, technology, innovation, health, habitat conservation and universal education. PanIIT USA: The PanIIT USA is an organisation that is more than 20 years old. Since 2003, it has organised this conference and invited speakers from different sectors, including industry, academia and government. The PanIIT USA is run by an all-volunteer team of IIT alumni. Opportunities: Virtual exposition Net working Start ups open up doors to recruitment Funding opportunities Share valuable knowledge In the testing times of COVID-19, India has got record investment, much of it in the tech sector. Clearly, the world sees India as a trustworthy and promising partner. The collective force of the pan-IIT movement can aid momentum to our dream of becoming an Aatmanirbhar Bharat. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is an analytical technique to determine the purity of a sample and its molecular structure. It is used to infer basic structure of unknown compounds. It helps to determine phase changes, solubility, conformational exchange and diffusion. The technique is used to observe the local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. Biochemists use NMR technique to identify proteins and other complex molecules. How it works? The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance It is an analytical chemistry technique used in quality control. It is used in research for determining the content and purity of a sample as well as its molecular structure. For example, NMR can quantitatively analyze mixtures containing known compounds. NMR spectroscopy is routinely used by chemists to study chemical structure using simple one-dimensional techniques. Two-dimensional techniques are used to determine the structure of more complicated molecules. These techniques are replacing x-ray crystallography for the determination of protein structure. Time domain NMR spectroscopy techniques are used to probe molecular dynamics in solution. Solid state NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular structure of solids. Other scientists have developed NMR methods-of measuring diffusion coefficients. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Mandi system in India
Mandi system in India Mandis or physical, primary agricultural markets are old and ubiquitous institutions of economic life in many parts of India. Wherever they form, they are usually dense sites of economic, social and political activity, connecting and shaping the relations between town and countryside, and between local markets for commodities and larger, national and global circuits of capital and commerce. According to available estimates, there are over 7500 regulated agricultural markets in India today, operating under different state level acts covering a huge variety of notified agricultural produce. The three contentious ‘farmers’ Bills have grabbed eyeballs even in the middle of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The monopoly of mandi is being challenged, and people want direct marketing – buyers buying directly from the farmers to be allowed. Key Highlights Mandi system in India: In amending the Essential Commodities Act, the Centre has finally acknowledged that India has transitioned from a food-scarce economy, to a net exporter of food Farmers are no longer compelled to sell their produce only to designated mandis Under the new framework, farmers will be able to agree fixed prices with wholesalers, processors, retailers, aggregators and exporters at the time of sowing Benefits of Liberalising Mandis: The Act permitted the government to intervene in commodity markets, and set price ceilings with a view towards ensuring affordability. farmers are no longer compelled to sell their produce only to designated mandi. Farmers will be able to agree fixed prices with wholesalers, processors, retailers, aggregators and exporters at the time of sowing. As long as quality standards are met, buyers will be able to procure the produce upon harvest at a later date. A “separate dispute resolution mechanism” has also been outlined which will allow farmers to take their grievances to a licensed district authority. India’s farmers are the lifeblood of the nation’s food system and the latest measures to de-regulate the agricultural industry will only serve to alleviate their plight. e- NAM: One thousand Mandis joining the e-NAM platform for marketing of Agricultural produce. The 200 markets integrated with the e-NAM platform today are as follows: Andhra Pradesh (11 mandis), Gujarat (25 mandis), Odisha (16 mandis), Rajasthan (94 mandis), Tamil Nadu (27 mandis), Uttar Pradesh (25 mandis) & Karnataka (02 mandis). This will bring the total e-NAM mandis in the country to 785. This is the first milestone achieved in the path of integrating 415 new markets across the country. It is for the first time that Karnataka State has been added to the list of e-NAM States. The aim to reach the last mile farmer & transform the way they sell their agri produce, e-NAM has gained more strength today by reaching out to more farmers & traders of these new mandis. Already 585 mandis in 16 States and 02 Union Territories have been integrated and are working. e-NAM is also integrated from today with the Unified Market Platform (UMP) of Karnataka’s Rashtriya e-Market Services (ReMS), an e-trading platform promoted by the Karnataka State Agriculture Marketing Board. This will facilitate traders across both the platforms to execute seamless trading in both the platforms by using Single Sign On framework. This is for the first time in India that two different e-trading platforms for Agri commodities of this scale will be made interoperable. This will help farmers of Karnataka to sell their produce to large number of traders registered with e-NAM and even farmers from e-NAM mandis in other States will be able to sell their produce to Karnataka traders who are enrolled with ReMS platform of Karnataka. This will also promote inter-State trade between the States on-boarded on e-NAM platform & Karnataka. e-NAM has come a long way with 1.66 Crore Farmers & 1.28 lakh traders having been registered on e-NAM platform. As of 30th April 2020, total trade volume of 3.41 Crore MT & 37 Lakh numbers (Bamboo & Coconut) collectively worth approximately Rs. 1.0 lakh crore have been recorded on e-NAM platform. A path-breaking and revolutionary concept in Agri-sector, the e-NAM online platform has proven to be a giant leap in reforming the agriculture market in India. e-NAM facilitates trade beyond mandi/ state borders. A total of 233 mandis have participated in inter- mandi trade within 12 States, whereas 13 States/UTs have participated in the inter-state trading on e-NAM platform allowing farmers to interact directly with distantly located traders. At present, more than 1,000 FPOs have been on-boarded on e-NAM platform. In addition, Ministry launched two major modules in e-NAM last month to deal with the COVID-19 situation so that famers can sell their produce without bringing them to mandi. These modules are: FPO module helping farmer members of FPO to trade from their collection center and other being warehouse module whereby farmers can sell their stored produce in WDRA registered warehouses, declared as deemed mandi by States. In addition, Ministry has launched recently the “Kisan Rath” mobile App which is helping farmers in finding a suitable transport vehicles/tractor to carry their produce to nearby mandi and warehouse etc. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
India –Vietnam Relations
India Vietnam relations have been exceptionally friendly and cordial since their foundations were laid by founding fathers of the two countries – President Ho Chi Minh and President Rajendra Prasad and Prime Minister Nehru. The traditionally close and cordial relations have their historical roots in the common struggle for liberation from foreign rule and the national struggle for independence. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the first visitors to Vietnam after its victory against the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. President Ho Chi Minh went to India in February 1958. President Rajendra Prasad visited Vietnam in 1959. In recent times, political contacts have strengthened as reflected in several high-level visits by leaders from both sides. Trade and economic linkages continue to grow. India’s thrust under the ‘Look East’ policy combined with Vietnam’s growing engagement within the region and with India has paid rich dividends. Vietnam is an important regional partner in South East Asia. India and Vietnam closely cooperate in various regional forums such as ASEAN, East Asia Summit, Mekong Ganga Cooperation, Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM) besides UN and WTO. India Vietnam Relations On the occasion of the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and Vietnam and the 10th anniversary of the establishment of Strategic Partnership, the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha in collaboration with the Vietnam-India Friendship Association (VIFA) and the Embassy of India, in Hanoi, organized a major four-day “Buddhist Festival – Days of India” in Tay Thien, Tam Dao District, Vinh Phuc Province. An important delegation comprising 200 monks and nuns from Ladhak and Darjeeling, under the leadership of His Holiness Gyalwang Drukpa Jigme Pema Wangchen from the Hemis Jangchubling Monastery, Leh took part in the celebrations. International Day of Yoga: The third successive International Day of Yoga was held at the iconic Hoan Kiem Lake area of Hanoi on 17th June 2017. This was organized by the Mission, in collaboration with the People’s Committee of Hanoi, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of National Defence of Vietnam, the United Nations Office in Hanoi. Youth Delegation: An Indian Youth Delegation visited Vietnam from 21-28 July 2016, under the Youth Exchange Programme between the two countries. This is the first visit under the MOU signed in 2014. The Vietnamese Youth Delegation visited India from 27th March to 5th April 2017. Political exchange: Institutional mechanisms for bilateral exchanges Trade and Economic Cooperation: Bilateral Trade: From a meagre US$200 million in the year 2000, bilateral trade between India and Vietnam has seen steady growth over the years. According to Indian statistics in 2019-20, bilateral trade between India and Vietnam reached US$12.34 billion. This marked a decrease of 9.9 percent year-on-year, largely on account of COVID-19 related trade disruptions. India’s Investments in Vietnam: India’s investments in Vietnam are estimated at around US$ 1.9 billion including investments routed through third countries. According to Vietnam’s Foreign Investment Agency, as of June 2020, India has 278 valid projects with total invested capital of US$ 887.27 million, ranking 26th among countries and territories investing in Vietnam. Vietnam’s Investments in India: As of 2019, Vietnam has six investment projects in India with total estimated investment of US$ 28.55 million, primarily in the areas of pharmaceuticals, information technology, chemicals and building materials. Development Partnership: India has a long-standing development partnership with Vietnam that has made positive contributions towards capacity building and socio-economic development of Vietnam. India has also been providing assistance to Vietnam within the ASEAN framework. Under the Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) framework, India has been taking up Quick Impact Projects (QIPs), each valued at US$50,000, in different provinces of Vietnam for development of community infrastructure 7. Cultural Cooperation: The Vietnam Institute for Indian and South-West Asian Studies (VIISAS) under the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences and the Centre for Indian Studies at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics are among the key centres in Vietnam focused on Indian studies and have academic cooperation MOUs with some Indian institutions. Tourism and People-to-People Contacts: Both countries have facilitated simplified visa regime to promote bilateral tourism. In December 2017, Vietnam extended e-visa facilities to Indian citizens travelling to Vietnam. India has e-tourist visa arrangement for Vietnamese citizens since 2015. The long-awaited direct flights between the two countries commenced in October 2019. It is expected that the direct flight connectivity will further increase two-way tourism as well as trade and business linkages. Capacity Building, Training, Scholarships: Vietnam has been a large recipient of training programmes under Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme. Vietnam was also among a select group of partner countries where Government of India launched the new e-ITEC programme in October 2019. Indian Community: An estimated 5000 people from India, including some short-term visitors, constitute the Indian community in Vietnam. A majority of them are based in and around Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in the southern part of Vietnam Challenges: Vietnam opposed the “Quad” or quadrilateral coalition among India, the US, Japan and Australia. The proposed sale of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile has taken a back seat as there has been no response from Hanoi. The line of credit offered has yet to be operationalised for facilitating deeper defence cooperation. Way Forward: Both Countries need to leverage the economic opportunities available because of anti-China sentiments and several manufacturing firms deciding to shift from China. Coordinating at Global Level Coordinating With Other Regional Partners Both Countries should expedite the process of negotiations for finalisation of defence deals. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA)
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPOA) JCPOA is an agreement signed by Iran and the P5+1+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States and EU) on July 14, 2015. Significance: This nuclear deal or JCPOA seeks to prevent Iran from producing a nuclear weapon — something Iran insists it does not want to do — by putting curbs on its atomic programme in exchange for economic incentives. As per the deal, Iran reduced the number of its centrifuges used for enriching uranium by two-thirds, restricted its uranium enrichment to 3.67%, and removed the core of its heavy water facility in Arak. The nuclear deal was endorsed by UN Security Council Resolution 2231, adopted on July 20, 2015. Iran’s compliance with the nuclear-related provisions of the JCPOA is verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) according to certain requirements set forth in the agreement. Following the issuance of an IAEA report verifying implementation by Iran of the nuclear-related measures, the UN sanctions against Iran and some EU sanctions will terminate and some will be suspended. 15-year term: After the 15 years, the treaty will come to its term; then the extraordinary restrictions will no longer be applicable This is the first time that the United Nations Security Council has recognized the nuclear enrichment program of a developing country and backs an agreement signed by several countries within the framework of a resolution (United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231) Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action – Challenges: Iran can make things difficult for the U.S. in Afghanistan as also in Iraq and Syria. The U.S.’s ability to work with Russia in Syria or with China regarding North Korea will also be impacted. And sooner or later, questions may be asked in Iran about why it should continue with other restrictions and inspections that it accepted under the JCPOA, which would have far-reaching implications for the global nuclear architecture. Coming after the rejection of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the Paris climate change accord and the North American Free Trade Agreement, President’s decision further diminishes U.S. credibility. The JCPOA limited Iran to enrich uranium only up to a 3.67% concentration and its stockpile to 300 kg of UF6 (corresponding to 202.8 kg of U-235), and further capped its centrifuges to no more than 5,060, besides a complete cessation of enrichment at the underground Fordow facility. It also limited Iran’s heavy water stockpile to 130 tonnes. The IAEA report raised the need for additional budgetary contributions from IAEA member states to meet the cost of implementing the JCPOA. IAEA monitoring activities in Iran are projected to cost 9.2 million euros ($10.4 million) in 2019, of which 4 million euros ($4.5 million) is extrabudgetary. The report noted that the agency has 3.1 million euros ($3.5 million) in extrabudgetary contributions available to meet the costs of JCPOA-related activities for 2019. India has managed to walk the diplomatic tightrope between the US and Iran. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI)
Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has issued an advisory asking all private television broadcasters to follow guidelines issued by the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) for advertisements relating to online gaming, fantasy sports etc. The Ministry has advised that the advertisements should not promote any activity prohibited by statute or law. “It has come to the notice of Ministry of I&B that a large number of advertisements on Online Gaming, Fantasy Sports, etc have been appearing on the television. Concerns were expressed that such advertisements appear to be misleading, do not correctly convey to the customers the financial and other risks associated thereof, are not in strict conformity with the Advertising Code laid down under Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019” . ASCI guidelines require that every such gaming advertisement must carry the following disclaimer: ‘This game involves an element of financial risk and may be addictive. Please play responsibly and at your own risk”. Such a disclaimer should occupy at least 20% of the advertisement space. The guidelines also state that gaming advertisements cannot depict users under the age of 18 years as engaged in playing a game of “online gaming for real money winnings” or suggest that such users can play these games. The advertisements should neither suggest that online gaming presents an income generating opportunity as an alternative to employment nor depict a person playing such games is more successful than others. ASCI: The Advertising Standards Council of India, established in 1985. It is a Mumbai based self-regulatory voluntary organization of the advertising industry in India. It seeks to ensure that advertisements conform to its Code for Self-Regulation. Under the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995. It is mandatory for television networks to follow the advertising code laid down by ASCI.
Checks and Balances System
Checks and Balances System Checks and balances, principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power. Checks and balances are applied primarily in constitutional governments. The system of checks and balances is essential for the proper functioning of three organs of the government. Different organs of the state impose checks and balances on the other. Separation of Power: In India, separation of functions is followed and not of powers and hence, the principle is not abided in its rigidity. In India, strict separation of powers is not followed as it is followed in the U.S. But a system of checks and balance has been embedded so much so that the courts are competent to strike down the unconstitutional amendments made by the legislature. The constitution makers have also meticulously defined the functions of various organs of the state. Legislative and executive, which acts the two facets of people’s will have all the powers including that of finance. Instruments : Executive appoints the judges. Legislatures review the functioning of the executive. Judiciary exercises judicial review over legislative and executive actions. Legislative branch removes the judges. Challenges: Weakened Legislature Scrutiny Judiciary Being Averse to Checks & Balances Judicial Activism Weakened Opposition in India Executive in India is alleged of over-centralisation of power, weakening of public institutions like CIC & RTI and passing laws to strengthen law, order & security of the state but curbs freedom of expression as well like UAPA. Way Forward: The constitution of India makes sure that the discretionary power bestowed upon any organ of the state does not breach the principles of democracy. For instance, the legislature can impeach judges but as per the condition i.e. two third majority. To strengthen the role of the opposition, the institution of shadow cabinet can be formed in India. To Introducing Legislative Impact Assessment (LIA) Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help., JOIN NOW
Redactive Pricing Audit
Redactive Pricing Audit Redaction is the selection or adaptation by removing sensitive information from a document before publication. Under redactive pricing method, CAG withheld full commercial details and blackened the figures on the procurement deal on security concerns cited by Ministry of Defence. Whether the Ministry’s insistence citing security concerns could have been accepted by the CAG can be examined only by the Supreme Court in the light of the constitutional provisions on the CAG’s duties and parliamentary privileges and prerogatives. Significance of Redactive Pricing Auditing : Parliament is constitutionally privileged to know what the executive had done and how and under what conditions procurement was decided. The CAG’s audit is expected to highlight value for money in purchase decisions. But the audit report submitted by the CAG to the President under Article 151 of the Constitution suppressed relevant information. Acceptance of ministry insistence to blackened the price citing security concerns by CAG is a matter of concern The acceptance by CAG can be examined only by the Supreme Court in the light of the constitutional provisions on the CAG’s duties and parliamentary privileges and prerogatives CAG: The CAG is mandated to audit all receipts and expenditures of the three-tier governments in India and report to the legislature judiciously, independently, objectively in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, without fear and favour. In the preface of the audit report, the CAG stated that redactive pricing was unprecedented but had to be accepted due to the Ministry’s insistence citing security concerns. CAG conducts financial compliance and performance audits and submits his reports to the legislature to help people’s representatives in enforcing legislative oversight and public accountability of the executive. Legislative committees such as the Public Accounts Committee and Committee on Public Undertakings examine the CAG’s selected reports. The CAG’s audit is expected to highlight value for money in any purchase decisions of the government. An audit by CAG is expected to analyse the facts and comparative pricing charts to highlight the financial propriety and prudence of the procurement decision. Performance Audit & Purchase Audit done by SAI India: The vision of Supreme Audit Institution of India (SAI) India represents what we aspire to become: We strive to be a global leader and initiator of national and international best practices in public sector auditing and accounting and recognised for independent, credible, balanced and timely reporting on public finance and governance. Read Bad Bank Audits done by SAI India can be classified into Compliance Audit Financial Audit Performance Audit. Challenges: Complex audit Pivotal to procurement Not transparent Conclusion: The CAG’s audit is expected to highlight value for money in purchase decisions. A performance audit is done to establish whether the procurement activity was executed keeping in mind economy, efficiency, effectiveness, ethics and equity. Only a thorough pricing audit can bring out the credibility and integrity of a purchase decision, thereby achieving a Supreme Audit Institution of India (SAI’s) constitutionally mandated responsibilities Read La Nina effect Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards yours Civils out journey. Feel free to reach to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help join now
Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC)
Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Agricultural markets in India are mainly regulated by state Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) laws. Objective : To ensuring fair trade between buyers and sellers for effective price discovery of farmers’ produce. Regulate the trade of farmers’ produce by providing licenses to buyers, commission agents, and private markets, Levy market fees or any other charges on such trade, and Provide necessary infrastructure within their markets to facilitate the trade. Issues identified by the Committee : Most APMCs have a limited number of traders operating, which leads to cartelization and reduces competition, and Undue deductions in the form of commission charges and market fees. Traders, commission agents, and other functionaries organise themselves into associations, which do not allow easy entry of new persons into market yards, stifling competition. The Acts are highly restrictive in promotion of multiple channels of marketing (such as more buyers, private markets, direct sale to businesses and retail consumers, and online transactions) and competition in the system. Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee – Key Issues and Analysis: Availability of buyers for farmers’ produce and infrastructure: The Trade and Commerce Ordinance provides buyers the freedom to buy farmers’ produce outside the APMC markets without having any license or paying any fees to APMCs. The Contract Farming Ordinance provides a framework for buyers and farmers to enter into a contract (before a crop season starts) which guarantees farmers a minimum price and buyers an assured supply. The third Ordinance amends the Essential Commodities Act to provide that stock limits for agricultural produce can be imposed only when retail prices increase sharply and exempts value chain participants and exporters from any stock limit. The three Ordinances aim to increase the availability of buyers for farmers’ produce, by allowing them to trade freely without any license or stock limit, so that an increase in competition among them results in better prices for farmers. While the Ordinances aim to liberalise trade and increase the number of buyers, this may not be sufficient to attract more buyers. in 2006, Bihar repealed its APMC Act with a similar objective to attract private investment in the sector and gave charge of the markets to the concerned sub-divisional officers in that area. This resulted in a lack of required marketing infrastructure as the existing infrastructure eroded over time due to poor upkeep. In unregulated markets, farmers faced issues such as high transaction charges and lack of information on prices and arrival of produce. The Standing Committee on Agriculture (2018-19) recommended that the central government should create marketing infrastructure in states which do not have APMC markets (i.e. Bihar, Kerala, Manipur, and certain union territories). Gramin Agriculture Markets: Most farmers lack access to government procurement facilities and APMC markets. Small and marginal farmers (who hold 86% of the agricultural landholdings in the country) face various issues in selling their produce in APMC markets such as inadequate marketable surplus, long-distance to the nearest APMC markets, and lack of transportation facilities. The average area served by an APMC market is 496 sq. km., much higher than the 80 sq. km. recommended by the National Commission on Farmers (Chair: Dr. M. S. Swaminathan) in 2006. The Standing Committee (2018-19) noted that Gramin Haats (small rural markets) can emerge as a viable alternative for agricultural marketing if they are provided with adequate infrastructure facilities. It recommended that the Gramin Agricultural Markets scheme (which aims to improve infrastructure and civic facilities in 22,000 Gramin Haats across the country) should be made a fully funded central scheme and scaled to ensure presence of a Haat in each panchayat of the country. The central government has proposed development of basic infrastructure in Gramin Haats through the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and of marketing infrastructure through the Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund. The Fund will be set up by NABARD to provide Rs 1,000 crore to states at a concessional interest rate for development of marketing infrastructure in Gramin Haats. The central government has informed that this bill allows intra-state and inter-state trade of farmers’ produce beyond the physical premises of APMC markets and other markets notified under the state APMC Acts. The Centre has said that this bill will also permit the “electronic trading of scheduled farmers’ produce (agricultural produce regulated under any state APMC Act) in the specified trade area”. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Xenobots
Xenobots Scientists in the United States have created the world’s first “living machines” — tiny robots built from the cells of the African clawed frog, that can move around on their own. They have named the millimetre-wide robots “xenobots” — after the species of aquatic frog found across sub-Saharan Africa from Nigeria and Sudan to South Africa, Xenopus laevis. “Scientists have repurposed living cells scraped from frog embryos and assembled them into entirely new life-forms.” The xenobots “can move toward a target, perhaps pick up a payload (like a medicine that needs to be carried to a specific place inside a patient) — and heal themselves after being cut”. Significance of Xenobots : While these “reconfigurable biomachines” could vastly improve human, animal and environmental health, They can also repair themselves after being damaged Some speculate they could be used to clean our polluted oceans by collecting microplastics. Similarly, they may be used to enter confined or dangerous areas to scavenge toxins or radioactive materials. Xenobots designed with carefully shaped “pouches” might be able to carry drugs into human bodies. Future versions may be built from a patient’s own cells to repair tissue or target cancers. Being biodegradable, xenobots would have an edge on technologies made of plastic or metal. Challenge: They raise legal and ethical concerns. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
