Water Dispute in India
Water Dispute in India The Interstate River Water Disputes Amendment Bill 2019 seeks to improve the inter-state water disputes resolution by setting up a permanent tribunal supported by a deliberative mechanism the dispute resolution committee. The Dam Safety Bill 2019 aims to deal with the risks of India’s ageing dams, with the help of a comprehensive federal institutional framework comprising committees and authorities for dam safety at national and state levels. There is less significant body of analyses about state of water governance in India and our unique challenges and opportunities. Water Dispute in India Challenges: Groundwater Governance Environment Management Challenges Water Pollution Equity and Distribution Corruption Food Production Water Supply and Sanitation Elements of water governance: Democratic elements: In the process including transparency, accountability, decisive participation of the people on ground. Institutional Mechanism Constitutional provisions Legal Framework: Planning and decision making processes Needs: A NITI Aayog report held that 21 major cities are expected to run out of groundwater as soon as 2020 which may affect nearly 100 million people. Water crisis Greater centre-states coordination is also crucial for pursuing the current national projects like Ganga river rejuvenation or inland navigation or inter-basin transfers. Read Also Nirbhaya Act Government Innitiatives: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) Ganga river rejuvenation Swatch Bharat Abhiyaan Way Forward : New technologies like GIS and Remote sensing together with Water resources domain skills has proven its application in successful mapping, evaluation and management strategizing of the asset. This includes all varied sources data collection, standardization, and storage of the entire gamete of information on a nationalized scale Implementing Mihir Shah Committee Recommendations Multi-Stakeholder Approach Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
KVIC’s Honey Mission
KVIC’s Honey Mission The self-sustainability measures initiated by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) in wake of the Covid-19 pandemic have begun yielding results. Under Honey Mission program about L,O2,000 bee hives with bee colonies have been proposed to be distributed to the 10, 2OO beneficiaries ( 10 Bee hives & Bee colonies to each beneficiary). The distressed migrant workers who were engaged with KVIC’s Honey Mission in Uttar Pradesh in the month of August, have reaped their first honey harvest and are awaiting a bumper yield in the months from December to March. To begin with, five migrant workers in Western UP’s Muzaffarnagar district extracted 253 kg of honey from their 50 honey bee boxes that were distributed to them on August 25 this year. Raw honey sells at an average of Rs 200 per kg and at this rate it is estimated to fetch nearly Rs 50,000 to the migrant workers. This means an average income of Rs 10,000 to each of these beneficiaries. A total of 700 bee boxes were distributed to 70 migrant workers after training by KVIC in this region. Honey extraction from remaining bee boxes will continue in coming days. The production of honey from these boxes will increase by at least 5 times in the months from December to March as the Eucalyptus and Mustard crop will be in full bloom during the season. Each of these bee boxes will produce nearly 25 kg of honey during the peak season. Further, the beekeepers will be able to migrate their boxes to nearby states like Haryana, Rajasthan and Eastern Uttar Pradesh where honey bees will find abundance of pollen and nectar and thus add to honey production. These distressed workers who had returned to their home from other cities were roped in with Honey Mission as part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. KVIC Honey Mission – Objectives Create an end-to-end implementation framework for beekeeping skill development, which provides emplo5rment opportunities and income generation to agriculturists, beekeepers rural & urban unemployed youth. Enforce nationally acceptable standards of Good Beekeeping Practices (GPB) in the country. Develop a network of quality master trainers in the field of beekeeping for imparting Good Beekeeping / Apicultural Practices. Offer a passage for overseas market for hive products. Enable pathways from novice beekeepers to viable commercial beekeeping by handholding to credit linkages. Promote convergence and co-ordination between all the stakeholders of beekeeping in India. Maintaining national database, which will act as a portal for matching the demand and supply in the country. On the other hand, it will also serve as a platform for monitoring the performance of existing beekeepers and their skills, available bee colonies and their production in each state. To tap the local & rural natural resources,for generation of income and employment to rural & tribal people in selected pockets. To bring qualitative & quantitative enhancement in honey & hive products for export and domestic market. To promote beekeeping for increasing the crop productivity and pollination services avenue for beekeepers and farmers. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Artificial Intelligence and Agriculture
Artificial Intelligence and Agriculture Artificial intelligence (AI) is silently but increasingly entering Indian agriculture and hence affecting our society at large. Even though machine learning (which is a subset of AI) has been used for classifications and prediction purposes for, to cite a few, food grading and crop yield forecasting, recently, the new set of deep learning algorithms have heralded the possibilities of taking the research and applications of AI to much higher levels and with much more accuracy. Similarly, other AI techniques are making inroads in all fields including agriculture. Amid high expectations about how AI will help the common man and also transform his mind set, thoughts and attitude towards the benefits that it may bring, there are certain concerns about the ill-effects of such sophisticated technologies as well. In the end, if AI systems can enhance farmers in terms of their social and economic wellbeing, we should be open to innovating new upcoming technologies with AI as their soul. Use of AI in Agriculture: Technology powered by Artificial intelligence is ensuring the sustainability of quality food production for the coming decades. AI solutions are being used to diagnose pests, predict the best time to sow and gauge prices for produce. Drones, hydroponics, artificial lights and AI-powered cameras are protecting crops from wild animals. The agriculture industry is turning to AI for solving the double trouble of the food crisis and food wastage in the wake of locust swarms, climate change, droughts and floods. The land owners can have a virtual conversation on the platform and have their basic queries answered instantly. They can also keep tabs on the latest innovations they ought to know about. Tackling the Labour Challenge AI can Benefit Agriculture: 1) Growth driven by IoT Huge volumes of data are generated every day in both structured and unstructured format via IoT (internet of things). These relate to data on historical weather pattern, soil reports, new research, rainfall, pest infestation, images from drones and cameras and so on. Cognitive IOT solutions can sense all this data and provide strong insights to improve yield. 2) Soil testing Two technologies that stand for intelligent data fusion are Proximity Sensing and Remote Sensing. One use case of this high-resolution data is Soil Testing. While remote sensing requires sensors to be built into airborne or satellite systems, proximity sensing requires sensors in contact with soil or at a very close range. This helps in soil characterization based on the soil below the surface in a particular place. 3) Image-based insight generation Drone-based images can help in in-depth field analysis, crop monitoring, scanning of fields and so on. They can be combined with computer vision technology and IOT to ensure rapid actions by farmers. These feeds can generate real time weather alerts for farmers. 4) Detecting crop diseases Images of various crops are captured using Computer Vision Technology under white/UV-A light. Farmers can then arrange the produce into separate stacks before sending it to the market. Pre-processing of images ensures the leaf images are segmented into areas for further diagnosis. Such a technique would identify pests more distinctly. 5) Optimal mixture of agri products Based on multiple parameters like soil condition, weather outlook, type of seeds, infestation around a certain area, cognitive computing makes recommendations to farmers on the simplest choice of crops and seeds. The advice is further personalized basis on the farm’s requirement, local conditions, and past successes. External factors like marketplace trends, prices or consumer needs can also be factored in through artificial intelligence. 6) Monitoring crop health Remote sensing techniques alongside hyper spectral imaging and 3D laser scanning are essential to create crop metrics across thousands of acres. It could usher in a revolutionary change in terms of how croplands are monitored by farmers in terms of time and energy. This technology will monitor crops along their entire life-cycle and generate reports for detecting anomalies, if any. Conclusion: AI has both non-biological and human aspects embedded in it. Needless to say, diffusion of AI in all application arenas will also bring a paradigm shift in the way we do research and development in agriculture now. AI systems require continuous feeding of new information and increasing the amount of information in the backend databases used for performing tasks with almost accuracy, including mapping the history of and guiding the predictions from such systems. In this way, the AI systems will get evolved over time akin to human perfection in addition to adaptability. Best Books for UPSC Preparation Check Now Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
IAS – Steel frame of India’s government machinery
Indian Administrative Service (IAS) the “steel frame” of India’s government machinery. Sardar Patel famously called the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) the “steel frame” of India’s government machinery. He, and many others, viewed the IAS as the solid foundation upon which the rest of the bureaucracy rested, a bastion of the nation’s best and brightest providing unfailing support to others in government. To this day, even with vastly increased opportunities in the private sector, the IAS continues to attract India’s best and brightest. Yet, despite the exceptional talent within the IAS, the institution no longer serves the greater interest of the country. Instead, there are reasons to believe that it might be hampering the country’s development. Read GENERAL STUDIES NOTES Key Insights Into the IAS For officers early in their careers, exam scores and education are highly predictive of future success. Older officers who enter the service as part of larger cadres face limited career prospects and are less effective at improving economic outcomes. While initial characteristics heavily shape career trajectories, in the long term, there are clear rewards for officers who systematically invest in training or acquire specialized skills. Individual bureaucrats can have strong, direct, and measurable impacts on tangible health, education, and poverty outcomes. Surprisingly, officers with strong local ties—thought to be vulnerable to corruption—are often linked to improved public service delivery. Political interference generates substantial inefficiency: the best officers do not always occupy important positions, while political loyalty offers bureaucrats an alternative path to career success. Counterintuitively, greater political competition does not necessarily lead to better bureaucratic performance. The IAS of today is hampered by several concomitant issues: A decline in the quality of recruits. Political interference. Perverse incentives for career advancement. A lack of specialized expertise. Perception of widespread corruption. These infirmities have compromised the ability of the IAS to fulfill its mandate. Reform Agenda for the Civil Service: The central and state governments should pass and implement pending legislation that protects bureaucrats against politically motivated transfers and postings. Despite judicial prodding, most states have stalled on such moves. The IAS should use data on civil servants’ abilities, education, and training when placing officers early in their careers. As officers gain experience, performance metrics can inform key decisions about promotion and allocation. The government should consider the proposal that officers deemed unfit for further service at certain career benchmarks be compulsorily retired through a transparent and uniform system of performance review. While the present government has moved in this direction, this procedure should be institutionalized. State and central governments should discuss whether state cadres should be given greater latitude to experiment with increasing the proportion of local IAS officers and track their relative performance. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of local officers on development outcomes, to develop data on bureaucratic efficiency among officers in senior posts, and to systematically examine the workings of state-level bureaucracies. Conclusion: Reforming the IAS will not be easy. The IAS is possibly the most powerful professional association in the country and will likely be resistant to any reform that encroaches on its authority A modern Indian state requires an administrative apparatus that encourages and recognizes productive high performers, ensures political buy-in within the policymaking process, and values genuine innovations in service delivery over an unquestioning adherence to hierarchy and procedure. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. JOIN NOW
BrahMos missile
BrahMos missile A naval version of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully test-fired by the Indian Navy in the Bay of Bengal as a part of a series of trials being carried out by the three services. A similar test firing of the missile was conducted by the Indian Navy in the Arabian sea six weeks back. BrahMos Aerospace, an India-Russian joint venture, produces the supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft, or from land platforms. On November 24, the Indian Army had “successfully” test-fired the surface-to-surface BrahMos missile that flies at a speed of 2.8 Mach or almost three times the speed of sound. The range of the new land attack version of the missile has been extended to 400 km from the original 290 km. India has already deployed a sizeable number of the original BrahMos missiles and other key assets in several strategic locations along the Line of Actual Control with China in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh. In the last two-and-half months, India has test-fired a number of missiles including an anti-radiation missile named Rudram-1 which is planned to be inducted into service by 2022. The Indian Air Force on October 30 test-fired the air launched version of the weapon from a Sukhoi fighter aircraft in the Bay of Bengal. The IAF is also integrating the Brahmos supersonic cruise missile on over 40 Sukhoi fighter jets which is aimed at bolstering overall combat capability of the force. Read Also Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Making India a biotech hub
Making India a biotech hub Aim to develop India into a global innovation hub by 2020 and Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) has paved the way to deliver on that mandate. BIRAC Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) is a not-for-profit Section 8, Schedule B, Public Sector Enterprise, set up by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India as an Interface Agency to strengthen and empower the emerging Biotech enterprise to undertake strategic research and innovation, addressing nationally relevant product development needs. DBT The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), under the Ministry of Science & Technology, promotes and accelerates the development of biotechnology in India, including growth and application of biotechnology in the areas of agriculture, healthcare, animal sciences, environment and industry. Advantages of Biotechnology Biotechnology is a multi-faceted domain encompassing applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, scientific discoveries, etc. The biotech sector can be broadly divided into five major segments: Biopharma Bio-agriculture Bio-services Bio-industrial Applications Bioinformatic The biotechnology sector in India has grown from $1.1 billion in 2003 to a mammoth $64 billion sector in 2019 and by 2024, it is expected to be a $100 billion industry. Biotech start – ups: Currently, there are over 2,700 biotech start-ups and are expected to touch the 10,000-mark by 2024. Challenges Public sector dominated Structural issues Lack of Innovation: India is currently ranked at 52nd on the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2019, with a jump of five places since last year, and 29 places in the past five years. Government Innitiatives Make in India Skill India Start-ups Way Forward Motivate our young scientists to continue this path of research and generate new ideas and solutions. Atma nirbhar Favourable industrial infrastructure and location Need for government support Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Photon for Improving Quantum Technologies
Photon for Improving Quantum Technologies Recently Scientists are working towards understanding the light emission down to a single elementary particle called photon for improving quantum technologies. Spontaneous emission can be tailored by precise engineering of the photon density of states of the elementary particles called photon using photonic structures or periodically ordered patterns; like that in a peacock feather. These structures act as a powerful tool to control the emission and propagation of light. Hence, the emission properties of quantum emitters that can even emit single photons can be tailored for applications in high efficient lasers and quantum technologies. Dr. Rajesh V.Nair, Associate Professor Department of Physics atIndian Institute of Technology-Ropar a recipient of this year’s SwarnaJayanti Fellowship of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India has achieved precise control on the light transport and emission using engineered photonic systems in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In order to cater to the requirement of single photons for high emission speed in quantum communication, Dr. Nair aims to understand the light emission down to a single photon level from the precise atomic defects in solid-state materials through the Swarnajayanti Fellowship. He proposes the emission studies of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers (nitrogen impurity atoms in a diamond crystal) embedded in photonic structures by modifying the photon density of states around the emitter. This is necessary for enhancing their R & D prospects in photonic quantum technologies and ultra-sensitive sensing. Along with his group, he intends to understand the modification of single photons emission rate as well as the spin properties of NV centers resulting in better intensity and rate of emission readout by measuring the intensity. The controlled manipulation of single spins and photons using defect centers, such as the NV center, is the need of the hour and would place India as the forerunner in quantum technologies. Swarnajayanti Fellowships: Govt. of India had instituted a scheme “The Swarnajayanti Fellowships” to commemorate India’s fiftieth year of Independence. Under this scheme a selected number of young scientists, with proven track record, are provided special assistance and support to enable them to pursue basic research in frontier areas of science and technology. The fellowships are scientist specific and not institution specific, very selective and have close academic monitoring.. The award consists of a Fellowship of Rs 25000/- per month in addition to the salary drawn from the parent Institute along with a Research Grant of Rs 5 lakh per annum by Department of Science and Technology for a period of 5 years, while the project submitted by the selected Fellows will be considered for funding by the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) as per SERB norms, for recurring and non-recurring heads. Scientists selected for the award will be allowed to pursue unfettered research with a freedom and flexibility in terms of expenditure as approved in the research plan. The project should contain innovative research idea and it should have a potential of making impact on R&D in the discipline. The duration of the fellowship will be for a period not exceeding five years. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a eight-member multilateral organization, established on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. These countries, except for Uzbekistan, had been members of the Shanghai Five group, formed on 26 April 1996 with the signing of the Treaty on Deepening Military Trust in Border Significance: The SCO has established relations with the United Nations in 2004 (where it is an observer in the General Assembly), Commonwealth of Independent States in 2005, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2005, the Collective Security Treaty Organization in 2007, the Economic Cooperation Organization in 2007, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2011, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in 2014, and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in 2015 (ESCAP), United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) in 2018. “It will be the first time that a summit-level meeting will be held under India’s chairmanship, since it gained full membership of the organisation in 2017,” SCO has two Permanent Bodies – (i) SCO Secretariat in Beijing and (ii) Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent. The Chairmanship of SCO is by rotation for a year by Member States. Presently Russia is the Chair of SCO for 2019-20. The Council of Heads of States is the apex decision-making body in the SCO. This Council meets at the SCO summits, which are held each year in one of the member states’ capital cities. The Council of Heads of Governments is the second- highest council in the organization. The Secretariat of the SCO is the primary executive body of the organization. It serves to implement organizational decisions and decrees, documents (such as declarations and agendas), functions as a document depository for the organization, arranges specific activities within the SCO framework, and promotes and disseminates information about the SCO. The official working languages of the Shanghai Cooperation organization are Chinese and Russian. The position of Dialogue Partner was established in 2008 in accordance with Article 14 of the SCO Charter of 7 June 2002. Presently the dialogue partners of SCO are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal (was granted dialogue partner status in the SCO at 2015 summit, Ufa, Russia), Sri Lanka (was granted dialogue partner status at the SCO at 2009 summit,Yekaterinburg) and Turkey (a member of NATO, was granted dialogue partner status at the SCO at 2012 summit, Beijing). Objectives of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO): Strengthening mutual trust and neighbourliness among the member states. Promoting effective cooperation in -politics, trade & economy, research & technology and culture. Enhancing ties in education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection, etc. Maintain and ensure peace, security and stability in the region. Establishment of a democratic, fair and rational new international political & economic order. India and SCO India was granted Observer status at the July 2005 Astana Summit, and subsequently participated in all SCO forums open to Observers. India formally submitted an application for the full membership to the then SCO Chair, Tajikistan, prior to the SCO Summit in Dushanbe in September 2014. Thereafter, the next SCO Summit in July 2015 in Ufa (Russia), declared the initiation of the process of accession of India’s (and Pakistan’s) full membership in SCO. The MOO outlined various obligations to be fulfilled by India in a sequential step-by-step and time bound manner to obtain full membership. As per the obligations under MOO, India had acceded to 34 SCO Agreements including the SCO Charter and Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism and 3 additional SCO Agreements that entered into force after signing the MOO. India’s entry into SCO as a full member since 9 June 2017, has been further activated with the establishment of the SCO Division in MEA and appointment of National Coordinator and Permanent Representative to SCO. India took part in an anti-terror drill of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) from August 22 to 29, 2018 in Chebarkul, Russia. The exercise involved tactical level operations in an international counter insurgency or counter terrorism environment under the SCO Charter. This was the first time India participated in the SCO military exercises since becoming a full member of the SCO in June 2017. A total of 22 outcome documents were signed including the Joint Communique and Appeal to Youth against radicalization. Other documents pertained to Prevention of Narcotics Abuse, Environmental Protection, Fight against threat of Epidemics, Trade Facilitation, MSMEs, Customs and Tourism. Plan of Action for SCO Treaty on Long term Good Neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation for 2018-2022 and Protocol on the SCO-Afghanistan Contact Group were also signed. Challenges: Cross-border terrorism Diplomatic challenges Security challenge Trade The growing closeness of Russia and China “The SCO was created as a regional organisation to tackle peace and security, to tackle the challenges of terrorism, extremism and separatism, and to promote trade and cooperation and cultural partnerships,”. “That is why Article 2 of the SCO charter specifically prohibits bilateral issues from being raised, because it only serves to vitiate the atmosphere”. Which is the best UPSC Test Series ? Check Now Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Forest Rights Act
Forest Rights Act The Forest Rights Act, 2006 was a landmark forest legislation in India, which recognised individual and community rights over forest resources. However, as of November 2018, only 44.83% of titles have been distributed among the total numbers of claims received across the country. The Forest Rights Act, 2006 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is a result of the protracted struggle by the marginal and tribal communities of our country to assert their rights over the forestland over which they were traditionally dependent. This Act is crucial to the rights of millions of tribals and other forest dwellers in different parts of our country as it provides for the restitution of deprived forest rights across India, including both individual rights to cultivated land in forestland and community rights over common property resources. The notification of Rules for the implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 on 1st Jan 2008, has finally paved the way to undo the ‘historic injustice’ done to the tribals and other forest dwellers. Community forest rights: Community forest rights recognized under the Forest Rights Act are important for securing livelihoods of the forest communities and for strengthening local self governance of forests and natural resources. The CFR link is a part of a collective initiative for collection and sharing of information on CFR from different states. The collection and sharing of information is coordinated by Vasundhara and Kalpavriksh with support from Oxfam. Community Forest Rights-Learning & Advocacy (CFR-LA): Community Forest Rights-Learning & Advocacy (CFR-LA) process is national level effort for exchange of information and learning and for evidence-based advocacy on Community Forest Rights (CFR) provisions of the Forest Rights Act. The process includes organizations and individuals working at the local, regional, national and international level on understanding and facilitating CFRs. Challenges: Conservation and ecological restoration by communities:Forest communities of this country have successfully invoked their powers and rights under FRA to stop potential deforestation from large scale environmentally destructive projects. The Supreme Court has in the past taken cognizance of these powers and rights (e.g. Niyamgiri). Tribal economy, livelihoods and employment: It is estimated that about 20 lakh tribals and forest dwelling families, whose claims have been arbitrarily and often illegally rejected, face threat of eviction, but the actual population that might get affected would be almost about 1 crore. Vulnerable communities: The SC order is likely to further marginalize a large population of vulnerable communities who are the particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs), nomadic and pastoral communities, dalits, women, residents of forest villages and unsurveyed villages and displaced communities. The rights of these communities and their claims have been largely ignored and also rejected in most cases Atrocities against women, tribals and forest dwellers: There are reports of atrocities and harassment by forest officialsrelated to many incidents of carrying out forcible plantations and fencing in lands claimed under FRA, diversion of forest land for mining in violation of forest rights and without mandatory consent from Gram Sabha, and eviction drives against forest dwellers from forests and the Protected Areas.T Conflicts in tribal areas: -High percentage of rejection (about 70 to 80 percent) in sensitive and conflict-prone regions will most definitely lead to more disaffection and unrest. There is genuine apprehension that the SC order for eviction and consequent actions by the authorities can only increase conflicts. Way Forward: The Centre in cooperation with State governments should implement the Forest Rights Act, 2006 in its right spirit. Reforming Forest Bureaucracy Need to provide marketing and MSP support to non-timber forest products and create institutional mechanisms to support community forest enterprises for value addition. Read Also Melghat Tiger Reserve Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest organization after the United Nations with a membership of 57 states spread over four continents. The Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world. It endeavors to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony among various people of the world. Objectives and role: According to its charter, the OIC aims to preserve Islamic values. Safeguard and defend the national sovereignty . Independence of member states and to contribute to international peace and security. While the organisation has been known for its cultural and social projects, its political influence has been relatively limited. India-OIC: India is neither a member nor an observer. India to be a Guest of Honour at the Plenary of the OIC. At the 45th session of the Foreign Ministers’ Summit in 2018, host country Bangladesh noted that India had more than 10% of the world’s Muslims live. The OIC expressed strong condemnation of the killing of innocent Kashmiris by Indian forces in Indian-occupied Kashmir. The Abu Dhabi meeting would likely discuss on the issues regarding peace and stability in the Muslim world. India’s minster is expected to bring up the terrorist attacks in India in her address at the session. The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has also criticised India of “increased stigmatisation” of its muslim minorities. The Indian government has denied all the allegations levelled by the USCIRF and accused the USCIRF for spreading misguided reports on the professional medical protocols followed to deal with spread of Covid-19 in India. U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF): USCIRF is an independent, bipartisan U.S. federal government commission created by the 1998 International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) that monitors the universal right to freedom of religion or belief abroad. USCIRF uses international standards to monitor religious freedom violations globally, and makes policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and Congress. Enroll today with the best civils service academy and take your first step towards your Civils journey. Feel free to reach out to us for any inquiries, collaborations, or support. We’re here to help. join now
